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10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.025 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.025 33017613!7531595!33017613     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Brain+Behav+Immun 2021 ; 91 (ä): 649-667 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=33017613|t=2021. Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity |pdf=|usr=}}{{33017613}} gab.com Text Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity JO: Brain Behav Immun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33017613 #FOAvip For the last two decades, researchers have placed hopes in a new era in which a combination of reperfusion and neuroprotection would revolutionize the treatment of stroke. Nevertheless, despite the thousands of papers available in the literature showing positive results in preclinical stroke models, randomized clinical trials have failed to show efficacy. It seems clear now that the existing data obtained in preclinical research have depicted an incomplete picture of stroke pathophysiology. In order to ameliorate bench-to-bed translation, in this review we first describe the main actors on stroke inflammatory and immune responses based on the available preclinical data, highlighting the fact that the link between leukocyte infiltration, lesion volume and neurological outcome remains unclear. We then describe what is known on neuroinflammation and immune responses in stroke patients, and summarize the results of the clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs. In order to understand the gap between clinical trials and preclinical results on stroke, we discuss in detail the experimental results that served as the basis for the summarized clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs, focusing on (i) experimental stroke models, (ii) the timing and selection of outcome measuring, (iii) alternative entry routes for leukocytes into the ischemic region, and (iv) factors affecting stroke outcome such as gender differences, ageing, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, obesity, tobacco, alcohol consumption and previous infections like Covid-19. We can do better for stroke treatment, especially when targeting inflammation following stroke. We need to re-think the design of stroke experimental setups, notably by (i) using clinically relevant models of stroke, (ii) including both radiological and neurological outcomes, (iii) performing long-term follow-up studies, (iv) conducting large-scale preclinical stroke trials, and (v) including stroke comorbidities in preclinical research. Twit Text FOAVip Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity ????Brain Behav Immun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33017613 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=33017613 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|33017613}}</ref> Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunity #MMPMID33017613 Levard D; Buendia I; Lanquetin A; Glavan M; Vivien D; Rubio M Brain Behav Immun 2021[Jan]; 91 (ä): 649-667 PMID33017613show ga For the last two decades, researchers have placed hopes in a new era in which a combination of reperfusion and neuroprotection would revolutionize the treatment of stroke. Nevertheless, despite the thousands of papers available in the literature showing positive results in preclinical stroke models, randomized clinical trials have failed to show efficacy. It seems clear now that the existing data obtained in preclinical research have depicted an incomplete picture of stroke pathophysiology. In order to ameliorate bench-to-bed translation, in this review we first describe the main actors on stroke inflammatory and immune responses based on the available preclinical data, highlighting the fact that the link between leukocyte infiltration, lesion volume and neurological outcome remains unclear. We then describe what is known on neuroinflammation and immune responses in stroke patients, and summarize the results of the clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs. In order to understand the gap between clinical trials and preclinical results on stroke, we discuss in detail the experimental results that served as the basis for the summarized clinical trials on immunomodulatory drugs, focusing on (i) experimental stroke models, (ii) the timing and selection of outcome measuring, (iii) alternative entry routes for leukocytes into the ischemic region, and (iv) factors affecting stroke outcome such as gender differences, ageing, comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes, obesity, tobacco, alcohol consumption and previous infections like Covid-19. We can do better for stroke treatment, especially when targeting inflammation following stroke. We need to re-think the design of stroke experimental setups, notably by (i) using clinically relevant models of stroke, (ii) including both radiological and neurological outcomes, (iii) performing long-term follow-up studies, (iv) conducting large-scale preclinical stroke trials, and (v) including stroke comorbidities in preclinical research. |Animals[MESH] |Brain Ischemia/drug therapy[MESH] |Comorbidity[MESH] |Disease Models, Animal[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Immunity/immunology/physiology[MESH] |Inflammation/immunology[MESH] |Neuroprotection/immunology/physiology[MESH] |Outcome Assessment, Health Care[MESH] |Reperfusion/methods/trends[MESH] |Stroke Rehabilitation/*methods[MESH]Filling the gaps on stroke research: Focus on inflammation and immunit(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing