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10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100047 32984861!7505160!32984861     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Innovation+(Camb) 2020 ; 1 (3): 100047 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32984861|t=2020. Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States |pdf=|usr=}}{{32984861}} gab.com Text Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States JO: Innovation (Camb) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32984861 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: The novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 600,000 lives worldwide, causing tremendous public health, social, and economic damages. Although the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation, environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 pathogenesis. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between long-term (2010-2016) county-level exposures to NO(2), PM(2.5), and O(3) and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the United States. We used both single- and multi-pollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level health care capacity, phase of epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. RESULTS: From January 22, 2020, to July 17, 2020, 3,659,828 COVID-19 cases and 138,552 deaths were reported in 3,076 US counties, with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 3.8%. County-level average NO(2) concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-, bi-, and tri-pollutant models. When adjusted for co-pollutants, per interquartile-range (IQR) increase in NO(2) (4.6 ppb), COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 11.3% (95% CI 4.9%-18.2%) and 16.2% (95% CI 8.7%-24.0%), respectively. We did not observe significant associations between COVID-19 case-fatality rate and long-term exposure to PM(2.5) or O(3), although per IQR increase in PM(2.5) (2.6 mug/m(3)) was marginally associated, with a 14.9% (95% CI 0.0%-31.9%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate when adjusted for co-pollutants. DISCUSSION: Long-term exposure to NO(2), which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic, may enhance susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, independent of long-term PM(2.5) and O(3) exposure. The results support targeted public health actions to protect residents from COVID-19 in heavily polluted regions with historically high NO(2) levels. Continuation of current efforts to lower traffic emissions and ambient air pollution may be an important component of reducing population-level risk of COVID-19 case fatality and mortality. Twit Text FOAVip Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States ????Innovation (Camb) http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32984861 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32984861 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32984861}}</ref> Urban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality Rates in the United States #MMPMID32984861 Liang D; Shi L; Zhao J; Liu P; Sarnat JA; Gao S; Schwartz J; Liu Y; Ebelt ST; Scovronick N; Chang HH Innovation (Camb) 2020[Nov]; 1 (3): 100047 PMID32984861show ga BACKGROUND: The novel human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 600,000 lives worldwide, causing tremendous public health, social, and economic damages. Although the risk factors of COVID-19 are still under investigation, environmental factors, such as urban air pollution, may play an important role in increasing population susceptibility to COVID-19 pathogenesis. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional nationwide study using zero-inflated negative binomial models to estimate the association between long-term (2010-2016) county-level exposures to NO(2), PM(2.5), and O(3) and county-level COVID-19 case-fatality and mortality rates in the United States. We used both single- and multi-pollutant models and controlled for spatial trends and a comprehensive set of potential confounders, including state-level test positive rate, county-level health care capacity, phase of epidemic, population mobility, population density, sociodemographics, socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity, behavioral risk factors, and meteorology. RESULTS: From January 22, 2020, to July 17, 2020, 3,659,828 COVID-19 cases and 138,552 deaths were reported in 3,076 US counties, with an overall observed case-fatality rate of 3.8%. County-level average NO(2) concentrations were positively associated with both COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate in single-, bi-, and tri-pollutant models. When adjusted for co-pollutants, per interquartile-range (IQR) increase in NO(2) (4.6 ppb), COVID-19 case-fatality rate and mortality rate were associated with an increase of 11.3% (95% CI 4.9%-18.2%) and 16.2% (95% CI 8.7%-24.0%), respectively. We did not observe significant associations between COVID-19 case-fatality rate and long-term exposure to PM(2.5) or O(3), although per IQR increase in PM(2.5) (2.6 mug/m(3)) was marginally associated, with a 14.9% (95% CI 0.0%-31.9%) increase in COVID-19 mortality rate when adjusted for co-pollutants. DISCUSSION: Long-term exposure to NO(2), which largely arises from urban combustion sources such as traffic, may enhance susceptibility to severe COVID-19 outcomes, independent of long-term PM(2.5) and O(3) exposure. The results support targeted public health actions to protect residents from COVID-19 in heavily polluted regions with historically high NO(2) levels. Continuation of current efforts to lower traffic emissions and ambient air pollution may be an important component of reducing population-level risk of COVID-19 case fatality and mortality. äUrban Air Pollution May Enhance COVID-19 Case-Fatality and Mortality R(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing