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10.1136/medethics-2020-106438 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1136/medethics-2020-106438 32978306!7719900!32978306     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Med+Ethics 2020 ; 46 (12): 815-826 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32978306|t=2020. Payment in challenge studies: ethics, attitudes and a new payment for risk model |pdf=|usr=}}{{32978306}} gab.com Text Payment in challenge studies: ethics, attitudes and a new payment for risk model JO: J Med Ethics http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32978306 #FOAvip Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) research involves the infection of otherwise healthy participants with disease often for the sake of vaccine development. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the urgency of enhancing CHIM research capability and the importance of having clear ethical guidance for their conduct. The payment of CHIM participants is a controversial issue involving stakeholders across ethics, medicine and policymaking with allegations circulating suggesting exploitation, coercion and other violations of ethical principles. There are multiple approaches to payment: reimbursement, wage payment and unlimited payment. We introduce a new Payment for Risk Model, which involves paying for time, pain and inconvenience and for risk associated with participation. We give philosophical arguments based on utility, fairness and avoidance of exploitation to support this. We also examine a cross-section of the UK public and CHIM experts. We found that CHIM participants are currently paid variable amounts. A representative sample of the UK public believes CHIM participants should be paid approximately triple the UK minimum wage and should be paid for the risk they endure throughout participation. CHIM experts believe CHIM participants should be paid more than double the UK minimum wage but are divided on the payment for risk. The Payment for Risk Model allows risk and pain to be accounted for in payment and could be used to determine ethically justifiable payment for CHIM participants.Although many research guidelines warn against paying large amounts or paying for risk, our empirical findings provide empirical support to the growing number of ethical arguments challenging this status quo. We close by suggesting two ways (value of statistical life or consistency with risk in other employment) by which payment for risk could be calculated. Twit Text FOAVip Payment in challenge studies: ethics, attitudes and a new payment for risk model ????J Med Ethics http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32978306 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32978306 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32978306}}</ref> Payment in challenge studies: ethics, attitudes and a new payment for risk model #MMPMID32978306 Grimwade O; Savulescu J; Giubilini A; Oakley J; Osowicki J; Pollard AJ; Nussberger AM J Med Ethics 2020[Dec]; 46 (12): 815-826 PMID32978306show ga Controlled Human Infection Model (CHIM) research involves the infection of otherwise healthy participants with disease often for the sake of vaccine development. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasised the urgency of enhancing CHIM research capability and the importance of having clear ethical guidance for their conduct. The payment of CHIM participants is a controversial issue involving stakeholders across ethics, medicine and policymaking with allegations circulating suggesting exploitation, coercion and other violations of ethical principles. There are multiple approaches to payment: reimbursement, wage payment and unlimited payment. We introduce a new Payment for Risk Model, which involves paying for time, pain and inconvenience and for risk associated with participation. We give philosophical arguments based on utility, fairness and avoidance of exploitation to support this. We also examine a cross-section of the UK public and CHIM experts. We found that CHIM participants are currently paid variable amounts. A representative sample of the UK public believes CHIM participants should be paid approximately triple the UK minimum wage and should be paid for the risk they endure throughout participation. CHIM experts believe CHIM participants should be paid more than double the UK minimum wage but are divided on the payment for risk. The Payment for Risk Model allows risk and pain to be accounted for in payment and could be used to determine ethically justifiable payment for CHIM participants.Although many research guidelines warn against paying large amounts or paying for risk, our empirical findings provide empirical support to the growing number of ethical arguments challenging this status quo. We close by suggesting two ways (value of statistical life or consistency with risk in other employment) by which payment for risk could be calculated. |Attitude[MESH] |Biomedical Research/ethics/*organization & administration/standards[MESH] |COVID-19 Vaccines/*administration & dosage[MESH] |COVID-19/*epidemiology/*prevention & control[MESH] |Cross-Sectional Studies[MESH] |Healthy Volunteers/*psychology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Public Opinion[MESH] |Remuneration[MESH]Payment in challenge studies: ethics, attitudes and a new payment for (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing