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10.1017/S0950268820002125

http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1017/S0950268820002125
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32912363!7506171!32912363
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suck abstract from ncbi


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pmid32912363      Epidemiol+Infect 2020 ; 148 (ä): e209
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  • Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries #MMPMID32912363
  • Petti S; Cowling BJ
  • Epidemiol Infect 2020[Sep]; 148 (ä): e209 PMID32912363show ga
  • Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. Influenza is not causally associated with COVID-19, but shares population-based determinants, such as similar incidence/mortality trends, transmission patterns, efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions, comorbidities and underdiagnosis. We investigated the ecologic association between influenza mortality rates and COVID-19 mortality rates in the European context. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014-2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. The two variables - log transformed, showed significant Spearman's correlation rho = 0.439 (P = 0.01), and regression coefficients, b = 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.272-1.214; R2 = 0.244; P = 0.003), b = 0.472 (95% confidence interval, 0.067-0.878; R2 = 0.549; P = 0.02), unadjusted and adjusted for confounders (population size and cardiovascular disease mortality), respectively. Common significant determinants of both COVID-19 and influenza mortality rates were life expectancy, influenza vaccination in the elderly (direct associations), number of hospital beds per population unit and crude cardiovascular disease mortality rate (inverse associations). This analysis suggests that influenza mortality rates were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality rates in Europe, with implications for public health preparedness, and implies preliminary undetected SARS-CoV-2 spread in Europe.
  • |*Betacoronavirus[MESH]
  • |COVID-19[MESH]
  • |Coronavirus Infections/*mortality[MESH]
  • |Ecology[MESH]
  • |Europe/epidemiology[MESH]
  • |Humans[MESH]
  • |Influenza, Human/*mortality[MESH]
  • |Pandemics[MESH]
  • |Pneumonia, Viral/*mortality[MESH]


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