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10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105649 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105649 32904428!7455204!32904428     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 265.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Aerosol+Sci 2020 ; 150 (ä): 105649 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32904428|t=2020. The effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled particles in upper and tracheobronchial airways |pdf=|usr=}}{{32904428}} gab.com Text The effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled particles in upper and tracheobronchial airways JO: J Aerosol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32904428 #FOAvip The inhalation route has a substantial influence on the fate of inhaled particles. An outbreak of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza or tuberculosis depends on the site of deposition of the inhaled pathogens. But the knowledge of respiratory deposition is important also for occupational safety or targeted delivery of inhaled pharmaceuticals. Simulations utilizing computational fluid dynamics are becoming available to a wide spectrum of users and they can undoubtedly bring detailed predictions of regional deposition of particles. However, if those simulations are to be trusted, they must be validated by experimental data. This article presents simulations and experiments performed on a geometry of airways which is available to other users and thus those results can be used for intercomparison between different research groups. In particular, three hypotheses were tested. First: Oral breathing and combined breathing are equivalent in terms of particle deposition in TB airways, as the pressure resistance of the nasal cavity is so high that the inhaled aerosol flows mostly through the oral cavity in both cases. Second: The influence of the inhalation route (nasal, oral or combined) on the regional distribution of the deposited particles downstream of the trachea is negligible. Third: Simulations can accurately and credibly predict deposition hotspots. The maximum spatial resolution of predicted deposition achievable by current methods was searched for. The simulations were performed using large-eddy simulation, the flow measurements were done by laser Doppler anemometry and the deposition has been measured by positron emission tomography in a realistic replica of human airways. Limitations and sources of uncertainties of the experimental methods were identified. The results confirmed that the high-pressure resistance of the nasal cavity leads to practically identical velocity profiles, even above the glottis for the mouth, and combined mouth and nose breathing. The distribution of deposited particles downstream of the trachea was not influenced by the inhalation route. The carina of the first bifurcation was not among the main deposition hotspots regardless of the inhalation route or flow rate. On the other hand, the deposition hotspots were identified by both CFD and experiments in the second bifurcation in both lungs, and to a lesser extent also in both the third bifurcations in the left lung. Twit Text FOAVip The effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled particles in upper and tracheobronchial airways ????J Aerosol Sci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32904428 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32904428 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32904428}}</ref> The effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled particles in upper and tracheobronchial airways #MMPMID32904428 Lizal F; Elcner J; Jedelsky J; Maly M; Jicha M; Farkas A; Belka M; Rehak Z; Adam J; Brinek A; Laznovsky J; Zikmund T; Kaiser J J Aerosol Sci 2020[Dec]; 150 (ä): 105649 PMID32904428show ga The inhalation route has a substantial influence on the fate of inhaled particles. An outbreak of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, influenza or tuberculosis depends on the site of deposition of the inhaled pathogens. But the knowledge of respiratory deposition is important also for occupational safety or targeted delivery of inhaled pharmaceuticals. Simulations utilizing computational fluid dynamics are becoming available to a wide spectrum of users and they can undoubtedly bring detailed predictions of regional deposition of particles. However, if those simulations are to be trusted, they must be validated by experimental data. This article presents simulations and experiments performed on a geometry of airways which is available to other users and thus those results can be used for intercomparison between different research groups. In particular, three hypotheses were tested. First: Oral breathing and combined breathing are equivalent in terms of particle deposition in TB airways, as the pressure resistance of the nasal cavity is so high that the inhaled aerosol flows mostly through the oral cavity in both cases. Second: The influence of the inhalation route (nasal, oral or combined) on the regional distribution of the deposited particles downstream of the trachea is negligible. Third: Simulations can accurately and credibly predict deposition hotspots. The maximum spatial resolution of predicted deposition achievable by current methods was searched for. The simulations were performed using large-eddy simulation, the flow measurements were done by laser Doppler anemometry and the deposition has been measured by positron emission tomography in a realistic replica of human airways. Limitations and sources of uncertainties of the experimental methods were identified. The results confirmed that the high-pressure resistance of the nasal cavity leads to practically identical velocity profiles, even above the glottis for the mouth, and combined mouth and nose breathing. The distribution of deposited particles downstream of the trachea was not influenced by the inhalation route. The carina of the first bifurcation was not among the main deposition hotspots regardless of the inhalation route or flow rate. On the other hand, the deposition hotspots were identified by both CFD and experiments in the second bifurcation in both lungs, and to a lesser extent also in both the third bifurcations in the left lung. äThe effect of oral and nasal breathing on the deposition of inhaled pa(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing