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10.1001/jama.2020.17022

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pmid32876697      JAMA 2020 ; 324 (13): 1317-1329
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  • Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial #MMPMID32876697
  • Angus DC; Derde L; Al-Beidh F; Annane D; Arabi Y; Beane A; van Bentum-Puijk W; Berry L; Bhimani Z; Bonten M; Bradbury C; Brunkhorst F; Buxton M; Buzgau A; Cheng AC; de Jong M; Detry M; Estcourt L; Fitzgerald M; Goossens H; Green C; Haniffa R; Higgins AM; Horvat C; Hullegie SJ; Kruger P; Lamontagne F; Lawler PR; Linstrum K; Litton E; Lorenzi E; Marshall J; McAuley D; McGlothin A; McGuinness S; McVerry B; Montgomery S; Mouncey P; Murthy S; Nichol A; Parke R; Parker J; Rowan K; Sanil A; Santos M; Saunders C; Seymour C; Turner A; van de Veerdonk F; Venkatesh B; Zarychanski R; Berry S; Lewis RJ; McArthur C; Webb SA; Gordon AC; Al-Beidh F; Angus D; Annane D; Arabi Y; van Bentum-Puijk W; Berry S; Beane A; Bhimani Z; Bonten M; Bradbury C; Brunkhorst F; Buxton M; Cheng A; De Jong M; Derde L; Estcourt L; Goossens H; Gordon A; Green C; Haniffa R; Lamontagne F; Lawler P; Litton E; Marshall J; McArthur C; McAuley D; McGuinness S; McVerry B; Montgomery S; Mouncey P; Murthy S; Nichol A; Parke R; 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Geng W; Depuydt P; De Waele J; De Bus L; Fierens J; Bracke S; Reeve B; Dechert W; Chasse M; Carrier FM; Boumahni D; Benettaib F; Ghamraoui A; Bellemare D; Cloutier E; Francoeur C; Lamontagne F; D'Aragon F; Carbonneau E; Leblond J; Vazquez-Grande G; Marten N; Wilson M; Albert M; Serri K; Cavayas A; Duplaix M; Williams V; Rochwerg B; Karachi T; Oczkowski S; Centofanti J; Millen T; Duan E; Tsang J; Patterson L; English S; Watpool I; Porteous R; Miezitis S; McIntyre L; Brochard L; Burns K; Sandhu G; Khalid I; Binnie A; Powell E; McMillan A; Luk T; Aref N; Andric Z; Cviljevic S; Dimoti R; Zapalac M; Mirkovic G; Barsic B; Kutlesa M; Kotarski V; Vujaklija Brajkovic A; Babel J; Sever H; Dragija L; Kusan I; Vaara S; Pettila L; Heinonen J; Kuitunen A; Karlsson S; Vahtera A; Kiiski H; Ristimaki S; Azaiz A; Charron C; Godement M; Geri G; Vieillard-Baron A; Pourcine F; Monchi M; Luis D; Mercier R; Sagnier A; Verrier N; Caplin C; Siami S; Aparicio C; Vautier S; Jeblaoui A; Fartoukh M; Courtin L; Labbe V; Leparco C; Muller G; Nay MA; Kamel T; Benzekri D; Jacquier S; Mercier E; Chartier D; Salmon C; Dequin P; Schneider F; Morel G; L'Hotellier S; Badie J; Berdaguer FD; Malfroy S; Mezher C; Bourgoin C; Megarbane B; Voicu S; Deye N; Malissin I; Sutterlin L; Guitton C; Darreau C; Landais M; Chudeau N; Robert A; Moine P; Heming N; Maxime V; Bossard I; Nicholier TB; Colin G; Zinzoni V; Maquigneau N; Finn A; Kress G; Hoff U; Friedrich Hinrichs C; Nee J; Pletz M; Hagel S; Ankert J; Kolanos S; Bloos F; Petros S; Pasieka B; Kunz K; Appelt P; Schutze B; Kluge S; Nierhaus A; Jarczak D; Roedl K; Weismann D; Frey A; Klinikum Neukolln V; Reill L; Distler M; Maselli A; Belteczki J; Magyar I; Fazekas A; Kovacs S; Szoke V; Szigligeti G; Leszkoven J; Collins D; Breen P; Frohlich S; Whelan R; McNicholas B; Scully M; Casey S; Kernan M; Doran P; O'Dywer M; Smyth M; Hayes L; Hoiting O; Peters M; Rengers E; Evers M; Prinssen A; Bosch Ziekenhuis J; Simons K; Rozendaal W; Polderman F; de Jager P; Moviat M; Paling A; Salet A; Rademaker E; Peters AL; de Jonge E; Wigbers J; Guilder E; Butler M; Cowdrey KA; Newby L; Chen Y; Simmonds C; McConnochie R; Ritzema Carter J; Henderson S; Van Der Heyden K; Mehrtens J; Williams T; Kazemi A; Song R; Lai V; Girijadevi D; Everitt R; Russell R; Hacking D; Buehner U; Williams E; Browne T; Grimwade K; Goodson J; Keet O; Callender O; Martynoga R; Trask K; Butler A; Schischka L; Young C; Lesona E; Olatunji S; Robertson Y; Jose N; Amaro dos Santos Catorze T; de Lima Pereira TNA; Neves Pessoa LM; Castro Ferreira RM; Pereira Sousa Bastos JM; Aysel Florescu S; Stanciu D; Zaharia MF; Kosa AG; Codreanu D; Marabi Y; Al Qasim E; Moneer Hagazy M; Al Swaidan L; Arishi H; Munoz-Bermudez R; Marin-Corral J; Salazar Degracia A; Parrilla Gomez F; Mateo Lopez MI; Rodriguez Fernandez J; Carcel Fernandez S; Carmona Flores R; Leon Lopez R; de la Fuente Martos C; Allan A; Polgarova P; Farahi N; McWilliam S; Hawcutt D; Rad L; O'Malley L; Whitbread J; Kelsall O; Wild L; Thrush J; Wood H; Austin K; Donnelly A; Kelly M; O'Kane S; McClintock D; Warnock M; Johnston P; Gallagher LJ; Mc Goldrick C; Mc Master M; Strzelecka A; Jha R; Kalogirou M; Ellis C; Krishnamurthy V; Deelchand V; Silversides J; McGuigan P; Ward K; O'Neill A; Finn S; Phillips B; Mullan D; Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa L; Thomas M; Sweet K; Grimmer L; Johnson R; Pinnell J; Robinson M; Gledhill L; Wood T; Morgan M; Cole J; Hill H; Davies M; Antcliffe D; Templeton M; Rojo R; Coghlan P; Smee J; Mackay E; Cort J; Whileman A; Spencer T; Spittle N; Kasipandian V; Patel A; Allibone S; Genetu RM; Ramali M; Ghosh A; Bamford P; London E; Cawley K; Faulkner M; Jeffrey H; Smith T; Brewer C; Gregory J; Limb J; Cowton A; O'Brien J; Nikitas N; Wells C; Lankester L; Pulletz M; Williams P; Birch J; Wiseman S; Horton S; Alegria A; Turki S; Elsefi T; Crisp N; Allen L; McCullagh I; Robinson P; Hays C; Babio-Galan M; Stevenson H; Khare D; Pinder M; Selvamoni S; Gopinath A; Pugh R; Menzies D; Mackay C; Allan E; Davies G; Puxty K; McCue C; Cathcart S; Hickey N; Ireland J; Yusuff H; Isgro G; Brightling C; Bourne M; Craner M; Watters M; Prout R; Davies L; Pegler S; Kyeremeh L; Arbane G; Wilson K; Gomm L; Francia F; Brett S; Sousa Arias S; Elin Hall R; Budd J; Small C; Birch J; Collins E; Henning J; Bonner S; Hugill K; Cirstea E; Wilkinson D; Karlikowski M; Sutherland H; Wilhelmsen E; Woods J; North J; Sundaran D; Hollos L; Coburn S; Walsh J; Turns M; Hopkins P; Smith J; Noble H; Depante MT; Clarey E; Laha S; Verlander M; Williams A; Huckle A; Hall A; Cooke J; Gardiner-Hill C; Maloney C; Qureshi H; Flint N; Nicholson S; Southin S; Nicholson A; Borgatta B; Turner-Bone I; Reddy A; Wilding L; Chamara Warnapura L; Agno Sathianathan R; Golden D; Hart C; Jones J; Bannard-Smith J; Henry J; Birchall K; Pomeroy F; Quayle R; Makowski A; Misztal B; Ahmed I; KyereDiabour T; Naiker K; Stewart R; Mwaura E; Mew L; Wren L; Willams F; Innes R; Doble P; Hutter J; Shovelton C; Plumb B; Szakmany T; Hamlyn V; Hawkins N; Lewis S; Dell A; Gopal S; Ganguly S; Smallwood A; Harris N; Metherell S; Lazaro JM; Newman T; Fletcher S; Nortje J; Fottrell-Gould D; Randell G; Zaman M; Elmahi E; Jones A; Hall K; Mills G; Ryalls K; Bowler H; Sall J; Bourne R; Borrill Z; Duncan T; Lamb T; Shaw J; Fox C; Moreno Cuesta J; Xavier K; Purohit D; Elhassan M; Bakthavatsalam D; Rowland M; Hutton P; Bashyal A; Davidson N; Hird C; Chhablani M; Phalod G; Kirkby A; Archer S; Netherton K; Reschreiter H; Camsooksai J; Patch S; Jenkins S; Pogson D; Rose S; Daly Z; Brimfield L; Claridge H; Parekh D; Bergin C; Bates M; Dasgin J; McGhee C; Sim M; Hay SK; Henderson S; Phull MK; Zaidi A; Pogreban T; Rosaroso LP; Harvey D; Lowe B; Meredith M; Ryan L; Hormis A; Walker R; Collier D; Kimpton S; Oakley S; Rooney K; Rodden N; Hughes E; Thomson N; McGlynn D; Walden A; Jacques N; Coles H; Tilney E; Vowell E; Schuster-Bruce M; Pitts S; Miln R; Purandare L; Vamplew L; Spivey M; Bean S; Burt K; Moore L; Day C; Gibson C; Gordon E; Zitter L; Keenan S; Baker E; Cherian S; Cutler S; Roynon-Reed A; Harrington K; Raithatha A; Bauchmuller K; Ahmad N; Grecu I; Trodd D; Martin J; Wrey Brown C; Arias AM; Craven T; Hope D; Singleton J; Clark S; Rae N; Welters I; Hamilton DO; Williams K; Waugh V; Shaw D; Puthucheary Z; Martin T; Santos F; Uddin R; Somerville A; Tatham KC; Jhanji S; Black E; Dela Rosa A; Howle R; Tully R; Drummond A; Dearden J; Philbin J; Munt S; Vuylsteke A; Chan C; Victor S; Matsa R; Gellamucho M; Creagh-Brown B; Tooley J; Montague L; De Beaux F; Bullman L; Kersiake I; Demetriou C; Mitchard S; Ramos L; White K; Donnison P; Johns M; Casey R; Mattocks L; Salisbury S; Dark P; Claxton A; McLachlan D; Slevin K; Lee S; Hulme J; Joseph S; Kinney F; Senya HJ; Oborska A; Kayani A; Hadebe B; Orath Prabakaran R; Nichols L; Thomas M; Worner R; Faulkner B; Gendall E; Hayes K; Hamilton-Davies C; Chan C; Mfuko C; Abbass H; Mandadapu V; Leaver S; Forton D; Patel K; Paramasivam E; Powell M; Gould R; Wilby E; Howcroft C; Banach D; Fernandez de Pinedo Artaraz Z; Cabreros L; White I; Croft M; Holland N; Pereira R; Zaki A; Johnson D; Jackson M; Garrard H; Juhaz V; Roy A; Rostron A; Woods L; Cornell S; Pillai S; Harford R; Rees T; Ivatt H; Sundara Raman A; Davey M; Lee K; Barber R; Chablani M; Brohi F; Jagannathan V; Clark M; Purvis S; Wetherill B; Dushianthan A; Cusack R; de Courcy-Golder K; Smith S; Jackson S; Attwood B; Parsons P; Page V; Zhao XB; Oza D; Rhodes J; Anderson T; Morris S; Xia Le Tai C; Thomas A; Keen A; Digby S; Cowley N; Wild L; Southern D; Reddy H; Campbell A; Watkins C; Smuts S; Touma O; Barnes N; Alexander P; Felton T; Ferguson S; Sellers K; Bradley-Potts J; Yates D; Birkinshaw I; Kell K; Marshall N; Carr-Knott L; Summers C
  • JAMA 2020[Oct]; 324 (13): 1317-1329 PMID32876697show ga
  • IMPORTANCE: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. INTERVENTIONS: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). RESULTS: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707.
  • |Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use[MESH]
  • |Adult[MESH]
  • |Anti-Inflammatory Agents/*administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH]
  • |Betacoronavirus[MESH]
  • |COVID-19[MESH]
  • |COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH]
  • |Coronavirus Infections/*drug therapy/mortality/therapy[MESH]
  • |Early Termination of Clinical Trials[MESH]
  • |Female[MESH]
  • |Humans[MESH]
  • |Hydrocortisone/*administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH]
  • |Intensive Care Units[MESH]
  • |Male[MESH]
  • |Middle Aged[MESH]
  • |Pandemics[MESH]
  • |Pneumonia, Viral/*drug therapy/mortality/therapy[MESH]
  • |Respiration, Artificial/*statistics & numerical data[MESH]
  • |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]
  • |Shock/drug therapy/etiology[MESH]


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