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10.1016/j.envres.2020.110052 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110052 32860780!7448873!32860780     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 209.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 243.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Environ+Res 2020 ; 191 (ä): 110052 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32860780|t=2020. An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM(2 5) and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions |pdf=|usr=}}{{32860780}} gab.com Text An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM(2 5) and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions JO: Environ Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32860780 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health effects, including increased risk of respiratory infection. However, evidence specifically related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. METHODS: COVID-19 case counts for 111 Canadian health regions were obtained from the COVID-19 Canada Open Data portal. Annual PM(2.5) data for 2000-2016 were estimated from a national exposure surface based on remote sensing, chemical transport modelling and ground observations, and minimum and maximum temperature data for 2000-2015 were based on a national interpolated surface derived from thin-plate smoothing splines. Population counts and sociodemographic data by health region were obtained from the 2016 census, and health data (self-rated health and prevalence of smoking, obesity, and selected chronic diseases) by health region, were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Data on total number of COVID-19 tests and changes in mobility comparing post-vs. pre-introduction of social distancing measures were available by province. Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: After controlling for province, temperature, demographic and health characteristics and days since peak incidence by health region, long-term PM(2.5) exposure exhibited a positive association with COVID-19 incidence (incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.18 per mug/m(3)). This association was larger in magnitude and statistically significant in analyses excluding provinces that reported cases only for aggregated health regions, excluding health regions with less than median population density, and restricted to the most highly affected provinces (Quebec and Ontario). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a positive association between COVID-19 incidence and long-term PM(2.5) exposure in Canadian health regions. The association was larger in magnitude and statistically significant in more highly affected health regions and those with potentially less exposure measurement error. While our results generate hypotheses for further testing, they should be interpreted with caution and require further examination using study designs less prone to bias. Twit Text FOAVip An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM(2 5) and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions ????Environ Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32860780 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32860780 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32860780}}</ref> An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM(2 5) and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions #MMPMID32860780 Stieb DM; Evans GJ; To TM; Brook JR; Burnett RT Environ Res 2020[Dec]; 191 (ä): 110052 PMID32860780show ga BACKGROUND: Ambient fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is associated with a wide range of acute and chronic health effects, including increased risk of respiratory infection. However, evidence specifically related to novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. METHODS: COVID-19 case counts for 111 Canadian health regions were obtained from the COVID-19 Canada Open Data portal. Annual PM(2.5) data for 2000-2016 were estimated from a national exposure surface based on remote sensing, chemical transport modelling and ground observations, and minimum and maximum temperature data for 2000-2015 were based on a national interpolated surface derived from thin-plate smoothing splines. Population counts and sociodemographic data by health region were obtained from the 2016 census, and health data (self-rated health and prevalence of smoking, obesity, and selected chronic diseases) by health region, were obtained from the Canadian Community Health Survey. Data on total number of COVID-19 tests and changes in mobility comparing post-vs. pre-introduction of social distancing measures were available by province. Data were analyzed using negative binomial regression models. RESULTS: After controlling for province, temperature, demographic and health characteristics and days since peak incidence by health region, long-term PM(2.5) exposure exhibited a positive association with COVID-19 incidence (incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 0.97-1.18 per mug/m(3)). This association was larger in magnitude and statistically significant in analyses excluding provinces that reported cases only for aggregated health regions, excluding health regions with less than median population density, and restricted to the most highly affected provinces (Quebec and Ontario). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a positive association between COVID-19 incidence and long-term PM(2.5) exposure in Canadian health regions. The association was larger in magnitude and statistically significant in more highly affected health regions and those with potentially less exposure measurement error. While our results generate hypotheses for further testing, they should be interpreted with caution and require further examination using study designs less prone to bias. |*Air Pollutants/analysis[MESH] |*Air Pollution/analysis[MESH] |*Coronavirus[MESH] |*Coronavirus Infections[MESH] |*Pandemics[MESH] |*Pneumonia, Viral[MESH] |Betacoronavirus[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Environmental Exposure/analysis[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Incidence[MESH] |Ontario[MESH] |Particulate Matter/analysis/toxicity[MESH] |Quebec[MESH]An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM(2 5) and incidence (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing