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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141325 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141325 32771792!7386255!32771792     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Sci+Total+Environ 2020 ; 747 (ä): 141325 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32771792|t=2020. Impacts of the COVID-19 responses on traffic-related air pollution in a Northwestern US city |pdf=|usr=}}{{32771792}} gab.com Text Impacts of the COVID-19 responses on traffic-related air pollution in a Northwestern US city JO: Sci Total Environ http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32771792 #FOAvip This study evaluates the COVID-19 impacts on traffic-related air pollution, including ultrafine particles (UFPs), PM(2.5), black carbon (BC), NO, NO(2), NO(x), and CO in a Northwestern US city. Hourly traffic, air pollutants, and meteorological data on/near a major freeway in the downtown of Seattle, Washington, were collected for five weeks before and ten weeks after the Washington Stay Home Order (SHO) was enacted, respectively (February 17-May 31, 2020). The pollutants between pre- and post-SHO periods were compared, and their differences were statistically tested. Besides, first-order multivariate autoregressive (MAR(1)) models were developed to reveal the impacts specific to the change of traffic due to the COVID-19 responses while controlling for meteorological conditions. Results indicate that compared with those in the post-SHO period, the median traffic volume and road occupancy decreased by 37% and 52%, respectively. As for pollutants, the median BC and PM(2.5) levels significantly decreased by 25% and 33%, relatively, while NO, NO(2), NO(x), and CO decreased by 33%, 29%, 30%, and 17%, respectively. In contrast, neither size-resolved UFPs nor total UFPs showed significant changes between the two periods, although larger particles (>/=115.5 nm) decreased by 4-29%. Additionally, significant differences were found in meteorological conditions between the two periods. Based on the MAR(1) models, controlling for meteorological conditions, the COVID-19 responses were associated with significant decreases in median levels of traffic-related pollutants including 11.5-154.0 nm particles (ranging from -3% [95% confidence interval (CI): -1%, -4%] to -12% [95% CI: -10%, -14%]), total UFPs (-7% [95% CI: -5%, -8%]), BC (-6% [95% CI: -5%, -7%]), PM(2.5) (-2% [95% CI: -1%, -3%]), NO, NO(2), NO(x) (ranging from -3% [95% CI: -2%, -4%] to -10% [95% CI: -18%, -12%]), and CO (-4% [95% CI, -3%, -5%]). These findings illustrate that the conclusion of the COVID-19 impacts on urban traffic-related air pollutant levels could be completely different in scenarios whether meteorology was adjusted for or not. Fully adjusting for meteorology, this study shows that the COVID-19 responses were associated with much more reductions in traffic-related UFPs than PM(2.5) in the Seattle region, in contrast to the reverse trend from the direct empirical data comparison. Twit Text FOAVip Impacts of the COVID-19 responses on traffic-related air pollution in a Northwestern US city ????Sci Total Environ http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32771792 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32771792 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32771792}}</ref> Impacts of the COVID-19 responses on traffic-related air pollution in a Northwestern US city #MMPMID32771792 Xiang J; Austin E; Gould T; Larson T; Shirai J; Liu Y; Marshall J; Seto E Sci Total Environ 2020[Dec]; 747 (ä): 141325 PMID32771792show ga This study evaluates the COVID-19 impacts on traffic-related air pollution, including ultrafine particles (UFPs), PM(2.5), black carbon (BC), NO, NO(2), NO(x), and CO in a Northwestern US city. Hourly traffic, air pollutants, and meteorological data on/near a major freeway in the downtown of Seattle, Washington, were collected for five weeks before and ten weeks after the Washington Stay Home Order (SHO) was enacted, respectively (February 17-May 31, 2020). The pollutants between pre- and post-SHO periods were compared, and their differences were statistically tested. Besides, first-order multivariate autoregressive (MAR(1)) models were developed to reveal the impacts specific to the change of traffic due to the COVID-19 responses while controlling for meteorological conditions. Results indicate that compared with those in the post-SHO period, the median traffic volume and road occupancy decreased by 37% and 52%, respectively. As for pollutants, the median BC and PM(2.5) levels significantly decreased by 25% and 33%, relatively, while NO, NO(2), NO(x), and CO decreased by 33%, 29%, 30%, and 17%, respectively. In contrast, neither size-resolved UFPs nor total UFPs showed significant changes between the two periods, although larger particles (>/=115.5 nm) decreased by 4-29%. Additionally, significant differences were found in meteorological conditions between the two periods. Based on the MAR(1) models, controlling for meteorological conditions, the COVID-19 responses were associated with significant decreases in median levels of traffic-related pollutants including 11.5-154.0 nm particles (ranging from -3% [95% confidence interval (CI): -1%, -4%] to -12% [95% CI: -10%, -14%]), total UFPs (-7% [95% CI: -5%, -8%]), BC (-6% [95% CI: -5%, -7%]), PM(2.5) (-2% [95% CI: -1%, -3%]), NO, NO(2), NO(x) (ranging from -3% [95% CI: -2%, -4%] to -10% [95% CI: -18%, -12%]), and CO (-4% [95% CI, -3%, -5%]). These findings illustrate that the conclusion of the COVID-19 impacts on urban traffic-related air pollutant levels could be completely different in scenarios whether meteorology was adjusted for or not. Fully adjusting for meteorology, this study shows that the COVID-19 responses were associated with much more reductions in traffic-related UFPs than PM(2.5) in the Seattle region, in contrast to the reverse trend from the direct empirical data comparison. |*Air Pollutants/analysis[MESH] |*Air Pollution/analysis[MESH] |*Coronavirus Infections[MESH] |*Pandemics[MESH] |*Pneumonia, Viral[MESH] |Betacoronavirus[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Cities[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Particulate Matter/analysis[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Vehicle Emissions/analysis[MESH]Impacts of the COVID-19 responses on traffic-related air pollution in (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing