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10.1001/jama.2020.14348 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1001/jama.2020.14348 32745200!7391181!32745200     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       JAMA 2020 ; 324 (9): 859-870 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32745200|t=2020. Association Between Statewide School Closure and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US |pdf=|usr=}}{{32745200}} gab.com Text Association Between Statewide School Closure and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US JO: JAMA http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32745200 #FOAvip IMPORTANCE: In the US, states enacted nonpharmaceutical interventions, including school closure, to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All 50 states closed schools in March 2020 despite uncertainty if school closure would be effective. OBJECTIVE: To determine if school closure and its timing were associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: US population-based observational study conducted between March 9, 2020, and May 7, 2020, using interrupted time series analyses incorporating a lag period to allow for potential policy-associated changes to occur. To isolate the association of school closure with outcomes, state-level nonpharmaceutical interventions and attributes were included in negative binomial regression models. States were examined in quartiles based on state-level COVID-19 cumulative incidence per 100?000 residents at the time of school closure. Models were used to derive the estimated absolute differences between schools that closed and schools that remained open as well as the number of cases and deaths if states had closed schools when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was in the lowest quartile compared with the highest quartile. EXPOSURES: Closure of primary and secondary schools. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality per 100?000 residents. RESULTS: COVID-19 cumulative incidence in states at the time of school closure ranged from 0 to 14.75 cases per 100?000 population. School closure was associated with a significant decline in the incidence of COVID-19 (adjusted relative change per week, -62% [95% CI, -71% to -49%]) and mortality (adjusted relative change per week, -58% [95% CI, -68% to -46%]). Both of these associations were largest in states with low cumulative incidence of COVID-19 at the time of school closure. For example, states with the lowest incidence of COVID-19 had a -72% (95% CI, -79% to -62%) relative change in incidence compared with -49% (95% CI, -62% to -33%) for those states with the highest cumulative incidence. In a model derived from this analysis, it was estimated that closing schools when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was in the lowest quartile compared with the highest quartile was associated with 128.7 fewer cases per 100?000 population over 26 days and with 1.5 fewer deaths per 100?000 population over 16 days. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Between March 9, 2020, and May 7, 2020, school closure in the US was temporally associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality; states that closed schools earlier, when cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was low, had the largest relative reduction in incidence and mortality. However, it remains possible that some of the reduction may have been related to other concurrent nonpharmaceutical interventions. Twit Text FOAVip Association Between Statewide School Closure and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US ????JAMA http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32745200 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32745200 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32745200}}</ref> Association Between Statewide School Closure and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US #MMPMID32745200 Auger KA; Shah SS; Richardson T; Hartley D; Hall M; Warniment A; Timmons K; Bosse D; Ferris SA; Brady PW; Schondelmeyer AC; Thomson JE JAMA 2020[Sep]; 324 (9): 859-870 PMID32745200show ga IMPORTANCE: In the US, states enacted nonpharmaceutical interventions, including school closure, to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All 50 states closed schools in March 2020 despite uncertainty if school closure would be effective. OBJECTIVE: To determine if school closure and its timing were associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: US population-based observational study conducted between March 9, 2020, and May 7, 2020, using interrupted time series analyses incorporating a lag period to allow for potential policy-associated changes to occur. To isolate the association of school closure with outcomes, state-level nonpharmaceutical interventions and attributes were included in negative binomial regression models. States were examined in quartiles based on state-level COVID-19 cumulative incidence per 100?000 residents at the time of school closure. Models were used to derive the estimated absolute differences between schools that closed and schools that remained open as well as the number of cases and deaths if states had closed schools when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was in the lowest quartile compared with the highest quartile. EXPOSURES: Closure of primary and secondary schools. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality per 100?000 residents. RESULTS: COVID-19 cumulative incidence in states at the time of school closure ranged from 0 to 14.75 cases per 100?000 population. School closure was associated with a significant decline in the incidence of COVID-19 (adjusted relative change per week, -62% [95% CI, -71% to -49%]) and mortality (adjusted relative change per week, -58% [95% CI, -68% to -46%]). Both of these associations were largest in states with low cumulative incidence of COVID-19 at the time of school closure. For example, states with the lowest incidence of COVID-19 had a -72% (95% CI, -79% to -62%) relative change in incidence compared with -49% (95% CI, -62% to -33%) for those states with the highest cumulative incidence. In a model derived from this analysis, it was estimated that closing schools when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was in the lowest quartile compared with the highest quartile was associated with 128.7 fewer cases per 100?000 population over 26 days and with 1.5 fewer deaths per 100?000 population over 16 days. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Between March 9, 2020, and May 7, 2020, school closure in the US was temporally associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality; states that closed schools earlier, when cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was low, had the largest relative reduction in incidence and mortality. However, it remains possible that some of the reduction may have been related to other concurrent nonpharmaceutical interventions. |*Betacoronavirus[MESH] |*Schools/organization & administration[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Incidence[MESH] |Interrupted Time Series Analysis[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology[MESH] |Public Policy[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |State Government[MESH]Association Between Statewide School Closure and COVID-19 Incidence an(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing