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10.7326/M20-2973 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.7326/M20-2973 32698605!7397549!32698605     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Ann+Intern+Med 2020 ; 173 (9): 714-720 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32698605|t=2020. The Contribution of the Age Distribution of Cases to COVID-19 Case Fatality Across Countries : A Nine-Country Demographic Study |pdf=|usr=}}{{32698605}} gab.com Text The Contribution of the Age Distribution of Cases to COVID-19 Case Fatality Across Countries : A Nine-Country Demographic Study JO: Ann Intern Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32698605 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: There is wide variation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case-fatality rates (CFRs) across countries, leading to uncertainty about the true lethality of the disease. A large part of this variation may be due to the ages of individuals who are tested and identified. OBJECTIVE: To measure the contribution of distortions from the age distributions of confirmed cases to CFRs within and across populations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional demographic study using aggregate data on COVID-19 cases and deaths by age. SETTING: Population-based data from China, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. PARTICIPANTS: All individuals with confirmed COVID-19, as reported by each country as of 19 April 2020 (n = 1 223 261). MEASUREMENTS: Age-specific COVID-19 CFRs and age-specific population shares by country. RESULTS: The overall observed CFR varies widely, with the highest rates in Italy (9.3%) and the Netherlands (7.4%) and the lowest rates in South Korea (1.6%) and Germany (0.7%). Adjustment for the age distribution of cases explains 66% of the variation across countries, with a resulting age-standardized median CFR of 1.9%. Among a larger sample of 95 countries, the observed variation in COVID-19 CFRs is 13 times larger than what would be expected on the basis of just differences in the age composition of countries. LIMITATION: The age-adjusted rates assume that, conditional on age, COVID-19 mortality among diagnosed cases is the same as that among undiagnosed cases and that individuals of all ages are equally susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. CONCLUSION: Selective testing and identification of older cases considerably warps estimates of the lethality of COVID-19 within populations and comparisons across countries. Removing age distortions and focusing on differences in age-adjusted case fatality will be essential for accurately comparing countries' performance in caring for patients with COVID-19 and for monitoring the epidemic over time. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. Twit Text FOAVip The Contribution of the Age Distribution of Cases to COVID-19 Case Fatality Across Countries : A Nine-Country Demographic Study ????Ann Intern Med http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32698605 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32698605 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32698605}}</ref> The Contribution of the Age Distribution of Cases to COVID-19 Case Fatality Across Countries : A Nine-Country Demographic Study #MMPMID32698605 Sudharsanan N; Didzun O; Barnighausen T; Geldsetzer P Ann Intern Med 2020[Nov]; 173 (9): 714-720 PMID32698605show ga BACKGROUND: There is wide variation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case-fatality rates (CFRs) across countries, leading to uncertainty about the true lethality of the disease. A large part of this variation may be due to the ages of individuals who are tested and identified. OBJECTIVE: To measure the contribution of distortions from the age distributions of confirmed cases to CFRs within and across populations. DESIGN: Cross-sectional demographic study using aggregate data on COVID-19 cases and deaths by age. SETTING: Population-based data from China, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, and the United States. PARTICIPANTS: All individuals with confirmed COVID-19, as reported by each country as of 19 April 2020 (n = 1 223 261). MEASUREMENTS: Age-specific COVID-19 CFRs and age-specific population shares by country. RESULTS: The overall observed CFR varies widely, with the highest rates in Italy (9.3%) and the Netherlands (7.4%) and the lowest rates in South Korea (1.6%) and Germany (0.7%). Adjustment for the age distribution of cases explains 66% of the variation across countries, with a resulting age-standardized median CFR of 1.9%. Among a larger sample of 95 countries, the observed variation in COVID-19 CFRs is 13 times larger than what would be expected on the basis of just differences in the age composition of countries. LIMITATION: The age-adjusted rates assume that, conditional on age, COVID-19 mortality among diagnosed cases is the same as that among undiagnosed cases and that individuals of all ages are equally susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. CONCLUSION: Selective testing and identification of older cases considerably warps estimates of the lethality of COVID-19 within populations and comparisons across countries. Removing age distortions and focusing on differences in age-adjusted case fatality will be essential for accurately comparing countries' performance in caring for patients with COVID-19 and for monitoring the epidemic over time. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. |Adolescent[MESH] |Adult[MESH] |Age Factors[MESH] |Aged[MESH] |Aged, 80 and over[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Child[MESH] |Child, Preschool[MESH] |China/epidemiology[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/*mortality[MESH] |Cross-Sectional Studies[MESH] |France/epidemiology[MESH] |Germany/epidemiology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Infant[MESH] |Infant, Newborn[MESH] |Italy/epidemiology[MESH] |Middle Aged[MESH] |Netherlands/epidemiology[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/*mortality[MESH] |Republic of Korea/epidemiology[MESH] |Risk Factors[MESH] |Spain/epidemiology[MESH] |Switzerland/epidemiology[MESH] |United States/epidemiology[MESH]The Contribution of the Age Distribution of Cases to COVID-19 Case Fat(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing