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Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2 #MMPMID32680882
Thoms M; Buschauer R; Ameismeier M; Koepke L; Denk T; Hirschenberger M; Kratzat H; Hayn M; Mackens-Kiani T; Cheng J; Straub JH; Sturzel CM; Frohlich T; Berninghausen O; Becker T; Kirchhoff F; Sparrer KMJ; Beckmann R
Science 2020[Sep]; 369 (6508): 1249-1255 PMID32680882show ga
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A major virulence factor of SARS-CoVs is the nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1), which suppresses host gene expression by ribosome association. Here, we show that Nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2 binds to the 40S ribosomal subunit, resulting in shutdown of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation both in vitro and in cells. Structural analysis by cryo-electron microscopy of in vitro-reconstituted Nsp1-40S and various native Nsp1-40S and -80S complexes revealed that the Nsp1 C terminus binds to and obstructs the mRNA entry tunnel. Thereby, Nsp1 effectively blocks retinoic acid-inducible gene I-dependent innate immune responses that would otherwise facilitate clearance of the infection. Thus, the structural characterization of the inhibitory mechanism of Nsp1 may aid structure-based drug design against SARS-CoV-2.