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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140758 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140758 32653718!7336916!32653718     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 247.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Sci+Total+Environ 2020 ; 743 (ä): 140758 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32653718|t=2020. Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China |pdf=|usr=}}{{32653718}} gab.com Text Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China JO: Sci Total Environ http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32653718 #FOAvip The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019 and in January 2020 and was later transmitted to the entire country. Quarantine measures during Chinese New Year effectively alleviated the spread of the epidemic, but they simultaneously resulted in a decline in anthropogenic emissions from industry, transportation, and import and export of goods. Herein, we present the major chemical composition of non-refractory PM(2.5) (NR-PM(2.5)) and the concentrations of gaseous pollutants in an urban site in Shanghai before and during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 epidemic, which was Jan. 8-23 and Jan. 24-Feb. 8, respectively. The observed results show that the reduction in PM(2.5) can be mainly attributed to decreasing concentrations of nitrate and primary aerosols. Nitrate accounted for 37% of NR-PM(2.5) before the quarantine period when there was no emission reduction. During the quarantine period, the nitrate concentration decreased by approximately 60%, which is attributed to a reduction in the NO(x) concentration. Ammonium, as the main balancing cation, showed an approximately 45% simultaneous decrease in concentration. The concentrations of chloride and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols from primary emissions also declined due to limited human activities. By contrast, sulphate and oxygenated organic aerosols showed a slight decrease in concentration, with their contributions increasing to 27% and 18%, respectively, during the quarantine period, which resulted in two pollution episodes with PM(2.5) exceeding 100 mug/m(3). This study provides a better understanding of the impact of quarantine measures on variations of the PM(2.5) concentration and chemical compositions. Atmospheric oxidation capacities based on the oxidant (O(x) = O(3) + NO(2)) and oxidation ratios have been discussed for elucidating the source and formation of haze in an environment with lower anthropogenic emissions. With increasing contribution of secondary aerosols, lower NO(x) and nitrate concentrations did not completely avoid haze in Shanghai during the epidemic. Twit Text FOAVip Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China ????Sci Total Environ http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32653718 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32653718 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32653718}}</ref> Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM(2 5) during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China #MMPMID32653718 Chen H; Huo J; Fu Q; Duan Y; Xiao H; Chen J Sci Total Environ 2020[Nov]; 743 (ä): 140758 PMID32653718show ga The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019 and in January 2020 and was later transmitted to the entire country. Quarantine measures during Chinese New Year effectively alleviated the spread of the epidemic, but they simultaneously resulted in a decline in anthropogenic emissions from industry, transportation, and import and export of goods. Herein, we present the major chemical composition of non-refractory PM(2.5) (NR-PM(2.5)) and the concentrations of gaseous pollutants in an urban site in Shanghai before and during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 epidemic, which was Jan. 8-23 and Jan. 24-Feb. 8, respectively. The observed results show that the reduction in PM(2.5) can be mainly attributed to decreasing concentrations of nitrate and primary aerosols. Nitrate accounted for 37% of NR-PM(2.5) before the quarantine period when there was no emission reduction. During the quarantine period, the nitrate concentration decreased by approximately 60%, which is attributed to a reduction in the NO(x) concentration. Ammonium, as the main balancing cation, showed an approximately 45% simultaneous decrease in concentration. The concentrations of chloride and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols from primary emissions also declined due to limited human activities. By contrast, sulphate and oxygenated organic aerosols showed a slight decrease in concentration, with their contributions increasing to 27% and 18%, respectively, during the quarantine period, which resulted in two pollution episodes with PM(2.5) exceeding 100 mug/m(3). This study provides a better understanding of the impact of quarantine measures on variations of the PM(2.5) concentration and chemical compositions. Atmospheric oxidation capacities based on the oxidant (O(x) = O(3) + NO(2)) and oxidation ratios have been discussed for elucidating the source and formation of haze in an environment with lower anthropogenic emissions. With increasing contribution of secondary aerosols, lower NO(x) and nitrate concentrations did not completely avoid haze in Shanghai during the epidemic. |*Coronavirus Infections[MESH] |*Pandemics[MESH] |*Pneumonia, Viral[MESH] |Aerosols/analysis[MESH] |Air Pollutants/*analysis[MESH] |Betacoronavirus[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |China[MESH] |Environmental Monitoring[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Particulate Matter/*analysis[MESH] |Quarantine[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM(2 5) duri(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing