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10.1080/14787210.2020.1792291 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1080/14787210.2020.1792291 32631083!ä!32631083 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Expert+Rev+Anti+Infect+Ther 2020 ; 18 (11): 1119-1133 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32631083|t=2020. Repurposing of well-known medications as antivirals: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine - from HIV-1 infection to COVID-19 |pdf=|usr=}}{{32631083}} gab.com Text Repurposing of well-known medications as antivirals: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine - from HIV-1 infection to COVID-19 JO: Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32631083 #FOAvip INTRODUCTION: Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) originally were prescribed for prevention or treatment of malaria, but now successfully are used in several rheumatologic diseases. In addition, in recent decades considering their immunomodulatory effects, high tolerably, and low cost, they are evaluated for various viral infections from HIV to COVID-19. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we tried to summarize all available studies on HCQ and CQ efficacy for management of viral infections and the probable mechanisms of action. The data were collected by searching 'Hydroxychloroquine,' 'Chloroquine,' 'Viral infection,' and names of various viral infections in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from commencement to June 2020. Out of 95 search results, 74 most relevant works were gathered. EXPERT OPINION: HCQ/CQ showed acceptable efficacy in HIV especially as an adjuvant treatment beside routine HAART. However, for some viral infections such as ZIKA, EBOLA, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, human studies are lacking. In the COVID-19 pandemic, in vitro and preliminary human studies showed encouraging findings. However, later well-designed trials and retrospective studies with large sample size not only reported non-significant efficacy but also showed more cardiac adverse reactions. Alkalinization of acid vesicles is the most important mechanism of action. Twit Text FOAVip Repurposing of well-known medications as antivirals: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine - from HIV-1 infection to COVID-19 ????Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32631083 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32631083 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32631083}}</ref> Repurposing of well-known medications as antivirals: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine - from HIV-1 infection to COVID-19 #MMPMID32631083 Naghipour S; Ghodousi M; Rahsepar S; Elyasi S Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020[Nov]; 18 (11): 1119-1133 PMID32631083show ga INTRODUCTION: Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) originally were prescribed for prevention or treatment of malaria, but now successfully are used in several rheumatologic diseases. In addition, in recent decades considering their immunomodulatory effects, high tolerably, and low cost, they are evaluated for various viral infections from HIV to COVID-19. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we tried to summarize all available studies on HCQ and CQ efficacy for management of viral infections and the probable mechanisms of action. The data were collected by searching 'Hydroxychloroquine,' 'Chloroquine,' 'Viral infection,' and names of various viral infections in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from commencement to June 2020. Out of 95 search results, 74 most relevant works were gathered. EXPERT OPINION: HCQ/CQ showed acceptable efficacy in HIV especially as an adjuvant treatment beside routine HAART. However, for some viral infections such as ZIKA, EBOLA, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV, human studies are lacking. In the COVID-19 pandemic, in vitro and preliminary human studies showed encouraging findings. However, later well-designed trials and retrospective studies with large sample size not only reported non-significant efficacy but also showed more cardiac adverse reactions. Alkalinization of acid vesicles is the most important mechanism of action. |*Drug Repositioning[MESH] |Antimalarials/*pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |Betacoronavirus[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Chloroquine/*pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/*drug therapy[MESH] |HIV Infections/*drug therapy[MESH] |HIV-1[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/*drug therapy[MESH]Repurposing of well-known medications as antivirals: hydroxychloroquin(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing