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10.3233/RNN-201042 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.3233/RNN-201042 32597823!7592680!32597823     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Restor+Neurol+Neurosci 2020 ; 38 (4): 343-354 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32597823|t=2020. AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:" a translational review and therapeutic perspectives |pdf=|usr=}}{{32597823}} gab.com Text AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:" a translational review and therapeutic perspectives JO: Restor Neurol Neurosci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32597823 #FOAvip Covid-19 is the acute illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 with initial clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, malaise, headache, and anosmia. After entry into cells, corona viruses (CoV) activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) by an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1)-independent mechanism, bypassing the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR pathway. The IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway is used by multiple viral, microbial and parasitic pathogens to activate AhRs and to establish infections. AhRs enhance their own activity through an IDO1-AhR-IDO1 positive feedback loop prolonging activation induced by pathogens. Direct activation of AhRs by CoV induces immediate and simultaneous up-regulation of diverse AhR-dependent downstream effectors, and this, in turn, results in a "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome" (SAAS) consisting of inflammation, thromboembolism, and fibrosis, culminating in multiple organ injuries, and death. Activation of AhRs by CoV may lead to diverse sets of phenotypic disease pictures depending on time after infection, overall state of health, hormonal balance, age, gender, comorbidities, but also diet and environmental factors modulating AhRs. We hypothesize that elimination of factors known to up-regulate AhRs, or implementation of measures known to down-regulate AhRs, should decrease severity of infection. Although therapies selectively down-regulating both AhR and IDO1 are currently lacking, medications in clinical use such as dexamethasone may down-regulate both AhR and IDO1 genes, as calcitriol/vitamin D3 may down-regulate the AhR gene, and tocopherol/vitamin E may down-regulate the IDO1 gene. Supplementation of calcitriol should therefore be subjected to epidemiological studies and tested in prospective trials for prevention of CoV infections, as should tocopherol, whereas dexamethasone could be tried in interventional trials. Because lack of physical exercise activates AhRs via the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway increasing risk of infection, physical exercise should be encouraged during quarantines and stay-at-home orders during pandemic outbreaks. Understanding which factors affect gene expression of both AhR and IDO1 may help in designing therapies to prevent and treat humans suffering from Covid-19. Twit Text FOAVip AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:" a translational review and therapeutic perspectives ????Restor Neurol Neurosci http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32597823 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32597823 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32597823}}</ref> AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome:" a translational review and therapeutic perspectives #MMPMID32597823 Turski WA; Wnorowski A; Turski GN; Turski CA; Turski L Restor Neurol Neurosci 2020[]; 38 (4): 343-354 PMID32597823show ga Covid-19 is the acute illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 with initial clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, malaise, headache, and anosmia. After entry into cells, corona viruses (CoV) activate aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs) by an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1)-independent mechanism, bypassing the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR pathway. The IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway is used by multiple viral, microbial and parasitic pathogens to activate AhRs and to establish infections. AhRs enhance their own activity through an IDO1-AhR-IDO1 positive feedback loop prolonging activation induced by pathogens. Direct activation of AhRs by CoV induces immediate and simultaneous up-regulation of diverse AhR-dependent downstream effectors, and this, in turn, results in a "Systemic AhR Activation Syndrome" (SAAS) consisting of inflammation, thromboembolism, and fibrosis, culminating in multiple organ injuries, and death. Activation of AhRs by CoV may lead to diverse sets of phenotypic disease pictures depending on time after infection, overall state of health, hormonal balance, age, gender, comorbidities, but also diet and environmental factors modulating AhRs. We hypothesize that elimination of factors known to up-regulate AhRs, or implementation of measures known to down-regulate AhRs, should decrease severity of infection. Although therapies selectively down-regulating both AhR and IDO1 are currently lacking, medications in clinical use such as dexamethasone may down-regulate both AhR and IDO1 genes, as calcitriol/vitamin D3 may down-regulate the AhR gene, and tocopherol/vitamin E may down-regulate the IDO1 gene. Supplementation of calcitriol should therefore be subjected to epidemiological studies and tested in prospective trials for prevention of CoV infections, as should tocopherol, whereas dexamethasone could be tried in interventional trials. Because lack of physical exercise activates AhRs via the IDO1-kynurenine-AhR signaling pathway increasing risk of infection, physical exercise should be encouraged during quarantines and stay-at-home orders during pandemic outbreaks. Understanding which factors affect gene expression of both AhR and IDO1 may help in designing therapies to prevent and treat humans suffering from Covid-19. |*Pandemics[MESH] |Air Pollutants/adverse effects[MESH] |Betacoronavirus/*physiology[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |COVID-19 Drug Treatment[MESH] |Calcitriol/therapeutic use[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology[MESH] |Dexamethasone/therapeutic use[MESH] |Exercise[MESH] |Feedback, Physiological[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Fibrosis/etiology[MESH] |Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology[MESH] |Inflammation/etiology[MESH] |Kynurenine/physiology[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Molecular Targeted Therapy[MESH] |Multiple Organ Failure/etiology[MESH] |Obstetric Labor, Premature/etiology[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/complications/drug therapy/*physiopathology[MESH] |Pregnancy[MESH] |Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/physiopathology[MESH] |Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/biosynthesis/genetics/*physiology[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Sensation Disorders/etiology[MESH] |Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology[MESH] |Thromboembolism/etiology[MESH]AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the "Systemic AhR Activat(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing