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10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.003 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.003 32563698!7245249!32563698     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Biomed+J 2020 ; 43 (4): 368-374 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32563698|t=2020. Repurposing old drugs as antiviral agents for coronaviruses |pdf=|usr=}}{{32563698}} gab.com Text Repurposing old drugs as antiviral agents for coronaviruses JO: Biomed J http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32563698 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: New therapeutic options to address the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are urgently needed. One possible strategy is the repurposing of existing drugs approved for other indications as antiviral agents for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the commercial unavailability of SARS-CoV-2 drugs for treating COVID-19, we screened approximately 250 existing drugs or pharmacologically active compounds for their inhibitory activities against feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus (FIPV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), a human coronavirus in the same genus (Betacoronavirus) as SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: FIPV was proliferated in feline Fcwf-4 cells and HCoV-OC43 in human HCT-8 cells. Viral proliferation was assayed by visualization of cytopathic effects on the infected Fcwf-4 cells and immunofluorescent assay for detection of the nucleocapsid proteins of HCoV-OC43 in the HCT-8 cells. The concentrations (EC(50)) of each drug necessary to diminish viral activity to 50% of that for the untreated controls were determined. The viabilities of Fcwf-4 and HCT-8 cells were measured by crystal violet staining and MTS/PMS assay, respectively. RESULTS: Fifteen out of the 252 drugs or pharmacologically active compounds screened were found to be active against both FIPV and HCoV-OC43, with EC(50) values ranging from 11 nM to 75 muM. They are all old drugs as follows, anisomycin, antimycin A, atovaquone, chloroquine, conivaptan, emetine, gemcitabine, homoharringtonine, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, oligomycin, salinomycin, tilorone, valinomycin, and vismodegib. CONCLUSION: All of the old drugs identified as having activity against FIPV and HCoV-OC43 have seen clinical use in their respective indications and are associated with known dosing schedules and adverse effect or toxicity profiles in humans. Those, when later confirmed to have an anti-viral effect on SARS-CoV-2, should be considered for immediate uses in COVID-19 patients. Twit Text FOAVip Repurposing old drugs as antiviral agents for coronaviruses ????Biomed J http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32563698 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32563698 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32563698}}</ref> Repurposing old drugs as antiviral agents for coronaviruses #MMPMID32563698 Yang CW; Peng TT; Hsu HY; Lee YZ; Wu SH; Lin WH; Ke YY; Hsu TA; Yeh TK; Huang WZ; Lin JH; Sytwu HK; Chen CT; Lee SJ Biomed J 2020[Aug]; 43 (4): 368-374 PMID32563698show ga BACKGROUND: New therapeutic options to address the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are urgently needed. One possible strategy is the repurposing of existing drugs approved for other indications as antiviral agents for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Due to the commercial unavailability of SARS-CoV-2 drugs for treating COVID-19, we screened approximately 250 existing drugs or pharmacologically active compounds for their inhibitory activities against feline infectious peritonitis coronavirus (FIPV) and human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), a human coronavirus in the same genus (Betacoronavirus) as SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: FIPV was proliferated in feline Fcwf-4 cells and HCoV-OC43 in human HCT-8 cells. Viral proliferation was assayed by visualization of cytopathic effects on the infected Fcwf-4 cells and immunofluorescent assay for detection of the nucleocapsid proteins of HCoV-OC43 in the HCT-8 cells. The concentrations (EC(50)) of each drug necessary to diminish viral activity to 50% of that for the untreated controls were determined. The viabilities of Fcwf-4 and HCT-8 cells were measured by crystal violet staining and MTS/PMS assay, respectively. RESULTS: Fifteen out of the 252 drugs or pharmacologically active compounds screened were found to be active against both FIPV and HCoV-OC43, with EC(50) values ranging from 11 nM to 75 muM. They are all old drugs as follows, anisomycin, antimycin A, atovaquone, chloroquine, conivaptan, emetine, gemcitabine, homoharringtonine, niclosamide, nitazoxanide, oligomycin, salinomycin, tilorone, valinomycin, and vismodegib. CONCLUSION: All of the old drugs identified as having activity against FIPV and HCoV-OC43 have seen clinical use in their respective indications and are associated with known dosing schedules and adverse effect or toxicity profiles in humans. Those, when later confirmed to have an anti-viral effect on SARS-CoV-2, should be considered for immediate uses in COVID-19 patients. |Antiviral Agents/*pharmacology[MESH] |Betacoronavirus/*drug effects/pathogenicity[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/*drug therapy/virology[MESH] |Coronavirus OC43, Human/drug effects[MESH] |Drug Repositioning/methods[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/*drug therapy/virology[MESH]Repurposing old drugs as antiviral agents for coronaviruses (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing