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10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105350 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.cnsns.2020.105350 32501383!7243033!32501383     free     free     free       Commun+Nonlinear+Sci+Numer+Simul 2020 ; 90 (ä): 105350 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32501383|t=2020. Extreme events and emergency scales |pdf=|usr=}}{{32501383}} gab.com Text Extreme events and emergency scales JO: Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32501383 #FOAvip An event is extreme if its magnitude exceeds the threshold. A choice of a threshold is subject to uncertainty caused by a method, the size of available data, a hypothesis on statistics, etc. We assess the degree of uncertainty by the Shannon's entropy calculated on the probability that the threshold changes at any given time. If the amount of data is not sufficient, an observer is in the state of Lewis Carroll's Red Queen who said "When you say hill, I could show you hills, in comparison with which you'd call that a valley". If we have enough data, the uncertainty curve peaks at two values clearly separating the magnitudes of events into three emergency scales: subcritical, critical, and extreme. Our approach to defining the emergency scale is validated by 39 years of Standard and Poor's 500 (S&P500) historical data. Twit Text FOAVip Extreme events and emergency scales ????Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32501383 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32501383 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32501383}}</ref> Extreme events and emergency scales #MMPMID32501383 Smirnov V; Ma Z; Volchenkov D Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 2020[Nov]; 90 (ä): 105350 PMID32501383show ga An event is extreme if its magnitude exceeds the threshold. A choice of a threshold is subject to uncertainty caused by a method, the size of available data, a hypothesis on statistics, etc. We assess the degree of uncertainty by the Shannon's entropy calculated on the probability that the threshold changes at any given time. If the amount of data is not sufficient, an observer is in the state of Lewis Carroll's Red Queen who said "When you say hill, I could show you hills, in comparison with which you'd call that a valley". If we have enough data, the uncertainty curve peaks at two values clearly separating the magnitudes of events into three emergency scales: subcritical, critical, and extreme. Our approach to defining the emergency scale is validated by 39 years of Standard and Poor's 500 (S&P500) historical data. äExtreme events and emergency scales (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing