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10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.031 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.05.031 32447007!7240268!32447007     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Infect 2020 ; 81 (2): 255-259 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32447007|t=2020. Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: The "double-hit" hypothesis |pdf=|usr=}}{{32447007}} gab.com Text Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: The "double-hit" hypothesis JO: J Infect http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32447007 #FOAvip OBJECTIVES: In areas of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide mean air pollutants concentrations vastly exceed the maximum limits. Chronic exposure to air pollutants have been associated with lung ACE-2 over-expression which is known to be the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between air pollutants concentration (PM 2.5 and NO2) and COVID-19 outbreak, in terms of transmission, number of patients, severity of presentation and number of deaths. METHODS: COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions and mortality rate were correlated with severity of air pollution in the Italian regions. RESULTS: The highest number of COVID-19 cases were recorded in the most polluted regions with patients presenting with more severe forms of the disease requiring ICU admission. In these regions, mortality was two-fold higher than the other regions. CONCLUSIONS: From the data available we propose a "double-hit hypothesis": chronic exposure to PM 2.5 causes alveolar ACE-2 receptor overexpression. This may increase viral load in patients exposed to pollutants in turn depleting ACE-2 receptors and impairing host defences. High atmospheric NO2 may provide a second hit causing a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE-2 depleted lungs resulting in a worse outcome. Twit Text FOAVip Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: The "double-hit" hypothesis ????J Infect http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32447007 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32447007 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32447007}}</ref> Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: The "double-hit" hypothesis #MMPMID32447007 Frontera A; Cianfanelli L; Vlachos K; Landoni G; Cremona G J Infect 2020[Aug]; 81 (2): 255-259 PMID32447007show ga OBJECTIVES: In areas of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide mean air pollutants concentrations vastly exceed the maximum limits. Chronic exposure to air pollutants have been associated with lung ACE-2 over-expression which is known to be the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between air pollutants concentration (PM 2.5 and NO2) and COVID-19 outbreak, in terms of transmission, number of patients, severity of presentation and number of deaths. METHODS: COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions and mortality rate were correlated with severity of air pollution in the Italian regions. RESULTS: The highest number of COVID-19 cases were recorded in the most polluted regions with patients presenting with more severe forms of the disease requiring ICU admission. In these regions, mortality was two-fold higher than the other regions. CONCLUSIONS: From the data available we propose a "double-hit hypothesis": chronic exposure to PM 2.5 causes alveolar ACE-2 receptor overexpression. This may increase viral load in patients exposed to pollutants in turn depleting ACE-2 receptors and impairing host defences. High atmospheric NO2 may provide a second hit causing a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE-2 depleted lungs resulting in a worse outcome. |*Betacoronavirus[MESH] |Air Pollutants/adverse effects[MESH] |Air Pollution/*adverse effects/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/etiology/*mortality[MESH] |Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Italy/epidemiology[MESH] |Nitrogen Dioxide/adverse effects[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Particulate Matter/adverse effects[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/etiology/*mortality[MESH] |Risk Factors[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH]Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: T(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing