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SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques #MMPMID32434946
Chandrashekar A; Liu J; Martinot AJ; McMahan K; Mercado NB; Peter L; Tostanoski LH; Yu J; Maliga Z; Nekorchuk M; Busman-Sahay K; Terry M; Wrijil LM; Ducat S; Martinez DR; Atyeo C; Fischinger S; Burke JS; Slein MD; Pessaint L; Van Ry A; Greenhouse J; Taylor T; Blade K; Cook A; Finneyfrock B; Brown R; Teow E; Velasco J; Zahn R; Wegmann F; Abbink P; Bondzie EA; Dagotto G; Gebre MS; He X; Jacob-Dolan C; Kordana N; Li Z; Lifton MA; Mahrokhian SH; Maxfield LF; Nityanandam R; Nkolola JP; Schmidt AG; Miller AD; Baric RS; Alter G; Sorger PK; Estes JD; Andersen H; Lewis MG; Barouch DH
Science 2020[Aug]; 369 (6505): 812-817 PMID32434946show ga
An understanding of protective immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical for vaccine and public health strategies aimed at ending the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A key unanswered question is whether infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in protective immunity against reexposure. We developed a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and observed that macaques had high viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tract, humoral and cellular immune responses, and pathologic evidence of viral pneumonia. After the initial viral clearance, animals were rechallenged with SARS-CoV-2 and showed 5 log(10) reductions in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa compared with after the primary infection. Anamnestic immune responses after rechallenge suggested that protection was mediated by immunologic control. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced protective immunity against reexposure in nonhuman primates.