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10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105074 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105074 32419720!7224643!32419720     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Early+Hum+Dev 2020 ; 146 (ä): 105074 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32419720|t=2020. Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates |pdf=|usr=}}{{32419720}} gab.com Text Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates JO: Early Hum Dev http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32419720 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen). AIM: To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. STUDY DESIGN: COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study). SUBJECTS: 103,482 men and 83,366 women. OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries. RESULTS: Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths. CONCLUSIONS: At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2). Twit Text FOAVip Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates ????Early Hum Dev http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32419720 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32419720 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32419720}}</ref> Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in national case fatality rates #MMPMID32419720 Manning JT; Fink B Early Hum Dev 2020[Jul]; 146 (ä): 105074 PMID32419720show ga BACKGROUND: The reported national case fatality rates (CFRs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shows a sex bias with males > females. The relative lengths of the index (2D) and ring (4D) fingers (digit ratio; 2D:4D) is a sexually dimorphic (males < females) proxy of fetal sex steroids (low 2D:4D indicates high prenatal testosterone/low prenatal estrogen). AIM: To examine sex-specific relationships of 2D:4D per nation with national values of COVID-19 CFRs. STUDY DESIGN: COVID-19 CFRs and the percent of male deaths were related to mean national (self-reported) 2D:4D by sex and hand from a large online survey (the BBC Internet Study). SUBJECTS: 103,482 men and 83,366 women. OUTCOME MEASURES: Relationships of mean national 2D:4D with CFRs from 41 countries and with national male death rates from 16 countries. RESULTS: Male right and left hand 2D:4D showed positive relationships with CFR. These relationships remained significant after removing the influence of female 2D:4D. A positive association of male right and left 2D:4D was detected with the percentage of male deaths. CONCLUSIONS: At the national level, high mean 2D:4D (indicating low prenatal testosterone/high prenatal estrogen) is associated with high CFRs and percent male mortality. At the individual level, high 2D:4D may be a risk factor for severity of COVID-19 in males. We speculate that male 2D:4D is a negative correlate for expression of the SARS-CoV2 receptor (ACE2). |Adult[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology/ethnology/mortality[MESH] |Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Fingers/*anatomy & histology/growth & development[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology/ethnology/mortality[MESH]Understanding COVID-19: Digit ratio (2D:4D) and sex differences in nat(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing