Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 253.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 286.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534
Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 286.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cardiol+Ther 2020 ; 9 (2): 227-244 Nephropedia Template TP
gab.com Text
Twit Text FOAVip
Twit Text #
English Wikipedia
Proposal for New Classification and Practical Use of Diuretics According to Their Effects on the Serum Chloride Concentration: Rationale Based on the "Chloride Theory" #MMPMID32378135
Kataoka H
Cardiol Ther 2020[Dec]; 9 (2): 227-244 PMID32378135show ga
Currently, diuretic therapy for heart failure (HF) pathophysiology is primarily focused on the sodium and water balance. Over the last several years, however, chloride (Cl) has been recognized to have an important role in HF pathophysiology, as both a prognostic marker and a possible central factor regulating the body fluid status. I recently proposed a unifying hypothesis for HF pathophysiology, called the "chloride theory", during HF worsening and recovery, as follows. Chloride is the key electrolyte for regulating both reabsorption of tubular electrolytes and water in the kidney through the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and distributing body fluid in each compartment of the body. As changes between the serum Cl concentration and plasma volume are intimately associated with worsening HF and its recovery after decongestive therapy, modulation of the serum Cl concentration by careful selection and combination of various diuretics and their doses could become an attractive therapeutic option for HF. In this review, I will propose a new classification and practical use of diuretics according to their effects on the serum Cl concentration. Diuretic use according to this classification is expected to be a useful strategy for the treatment of patients with HF.