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10.1002/jmv.25754 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1002/jmv.25754 32159237!7228358!32159237     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=32159237&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! 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From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS-CoV-2: Moving toward more biased codon usage in viral structural and nonstructural genes |pdf=|usr=}}{{32159237}} gab.com Text From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS-CoV-2: Moving toward more biased codon usage in viral structural and nonstructural genes JO: J Med Virol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32159237 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging disease with fatal outcomes. In this study, a fundamental knowledge gap question is to be resolved by evaluating the differences in biological and pathogenic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and the changes in SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with the two prior major COV epidemics, SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. METHODS: The genome composition, nucleotide analysis, codon usage indices, relative synonymous codons usage, and effective number of codons (ENc) were analyzed in the four structural genes; Spike (S), Envelope (E), membrane (M), and Nucleocapsid (N) genes, and two of the most important nonstructural genes comprising RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, Beta-CoV from pangolins, bat SARS, MERS, and SARS CoVs. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 prefers pyrimidine rich codons to purines. Most high-frequency codons were ending with A or T, while the low frequency and rare codons were ending with G or C. SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins showed 5 to 20 lower ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs. This implies higher codon bias and higher gene expression efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 encoded the highest number of over-biased and negatively biased codons. Pangolin Beta-CoV showed little differences with SARS-CoV-2 ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoV. CONCLUSION: Extreme bias and lower ENc values of SARS-CoV-2, especially in Spike, Envelope, and Mpro genes, are suggestive for higher gene expression efficiency, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs. Twit Text FOAVip From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS-CoV-2: Moving toward more biased codon usage in viral structural and nonstructural genes ????J Med Virol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32159237 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32159237 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32159237}}</ref> From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS-CoV-2: Moving toward more biased codon usage in viral structural and nonstructural genes #MMPMID32159237 Kandeel M; Ibrahim A; Fayez M; Al-Nazawi M J Med Virol 2020[Jun]; 92 (6): 660-666 PMID32159237show ga BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging disease with fatal outcomes. In this study, a fundamental knowledge gap question is to be resolved by evaluating the differences in biological and pathogenic aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and the changes in SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with the two prior major COV epidemics, SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronaviruses. METHODS: The genome composition, nucleotide analysis, codon usage indices, relative synonymous codons usage, and effective number of codons (ENc) were analyzed in the four structural genes; Spike (S), Envelope (E), membrane (M), and Nucleocapsid (N) genes, and two of the most important nonstructural genes comprising RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, Beta-CoV from pangolins, bat SARS, MERS, and SARS CoVs. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 prefers pyrimidine rich codons to purines. Most high-frequency codons were ending with A or T, while the low frequency and rare codons were ending with G or C. SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins showed 5 to 20 lower ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs. This implies higher codon bias and higher gene expression efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. SARS-CoV-2 encoded the highest number of over-biased and negatively biased codons. Pangolin Beta-CoV showed little differences with SARS-CoV-2 ENc values, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoV. CONCLUSION: Extreme bias and lower ENc values of SARS-CoV-2, especially in Spike, Envelope, and Mpro genes, are suggestive for higher gene expression efficiency, compared with SARS, bat SARS, and MERS CoVs. |Animals[MESH] |Base Sequence[MESH] |Betacoronavirus/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity[MESH] |COVID-19[MESH] |Chiroptera/microbiology[MESH] |Codon Usage[MESH] |Computational Biology[MESH] |Coronavirus 3C Proteases[MESH] |Coronavirus Envelope Proteins[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/transmission/virology[MESH] |Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins[MESH] |Cysteine Endopeptidases/*genetics/metabolism[MESH] |Eutheria/microbiology[MESH] |Gene Expression[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity[MESH] |Nucleocapsid Proteins/*genetics/metabolism[MESH] |Pandemics[MESH] |Phosphoproteins[MESH] |Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology/transmission/virology[MESH] |RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase/*genetics/metabolism[MESH] |SARS-CoV-2[MESH] |Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid[MESH] |Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/transmission/virology[MESH] |Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/classification/*genetics/pathogenicity[MESH] |Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/*genetics/metabolism[MESH] |Viral Envelope Proteins/*genetics/metabolism[MESH]From SARS and MERS CoVs to SARS-CoV-2: Moving toward more biased codon(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing