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10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.001 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.001 32065987!7112572!32065987     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 217.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 251.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Mol+Immunol 2020 ; 120 (ä): 52-60 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=32065987|t=2020. Effect of TLR agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and cytokine expression in embryonated chicken eggs |pdf=|usr=}}{{32065987}} gab.com Text Effect of TLR agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and cytokine expression in embryonated chicken eggs JO: Mol Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32065987 #FOAvip Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly infectious and contagious viral disease of chickens caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to the genus Coronavirus and family Coronaviridae. It can affect all age groups of birds. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of innate immune pattern recognition receptors that have a key role in immune response and defense against various infections.The TLRs are essential for initiation of innate immune responses and in the development of adaptive immune responses. An in ovo model was employed to study the antiviral activity of TLR ligands (Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN) on replication of IBV. It was hypothesized that optimum dose and specific timing of TLR ligands may reduce viral load of IBV in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Further, the mechanism involved in the TLR-mediated antiviral response in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of ECEs was investigated. The ECEs of 9-11 days old were treated with different doses (high, intermediate and low) of TLR-2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR-4 (LPS) and TLR-21 (CpG ODN) ligands. In addition, to know the timing of TLR ligand treatment, six time intervals were analyzed viz. 36, 24 and 12 h prior to infection, time of infection (co-administration of TLR ligands and avian IBV) and 12 and 24 h post-IBV infection. For studying the relative expression of immuno-stimulatory genes (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, iNOS and OAS) in CAM, TLR ligands were administered through intra-allantoicroute and CAM were collected at 4, 8 and 16 h post treatment. The results demonstrated that intermediate dose of all the three TLR ligands significantly reduced virus titers and used in the present study. However, the LPS reduced virus titer pre- and post-IBV infection but Pam3CSK4 and CpG ODN reduced only pre-IBV infection. Further analysis showed that TLR ligands induced IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and IFN stimulated genes viz. iNOS and OAS genes in CAM. The present study pointed towards the novel opportunities for rational design of LPS as immuno-stimulatory agent in chickens with reference to IBV. It may be speculated that in ovo administration of these TLR ligands may enhance resistance against viral infection in neonatal chicken and may contribute towards the development of more effective and safer vaccines including in ovo vaccines. Twit Text FOAVip Effect of TLR agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and cytokine expression in embryonated chicken eggs ????Mol Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32065987 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=32065987 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|32065987}}</ref> Effect of TLR agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and cytokine expression in embryonated chicken eggs #MMPMID32065987 Sharma BK; Kakker NK; Bhadouriya S; Chhabra R Mol Immunol 2020[Apr]; 120 (ä): 52-60 PMID32065987show ga Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute, highly infectious and contagious viral disease of chickens caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to the genus Coronavirus and family Coronaviridae. It can affect all age groups of birds. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a major class of innate immune pattern recognition receptors that have a key role in immune response and defense against various infections.The TLRs are essential for initiation of innate immune responses and in the development of adaptive immune responses. An in ovo model was employed to study the antiviral activity of TLR ligands (Pam3CSK4, LPS and CpG ODN) on replication of IBV. It was hypothesized that optimum dose and specific timing of TLR ligands may reduce viral load of IBV in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Further, the mechanism involved in the TLR-mediated antiviral response in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of ECEs was investigated. The ECEs of 9-11 days old were treated with different doses (high, intermediate and low) of TLR-2 (Pam3CSK4), TLR-4 (LPS) and TLR-21 (CpG ODN) ligands. In addition, to know the timing of TLR ligand treatment, six time intervals were analyzed viz. 36, 24 and 12 h prior to infection, time of infection (co-administration of TLR ligands and avian IBV) and 12 and 24 h post-IBV infection. For studying the relative expression of immuno-stimulatory genes (IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, iNOS and OAS) in CAM, TLR ligands were administered through intra-allantoicroute and CAM were collected at 4, 8 and 16 h post treatment. The results demonstrated that intermediate dose of all the three TLR ligands significantly reduced virus titers and used in the present study. However, the LPS reduced virus titer pre- and post-IBV infection but Pam3CSK4 and CpG ODN reduced only pre-IBV infection. Further analysis showed that TLR ligands induced IFN-gamma, IL-1beta and IFN stimulated genes viz. iNOS and OAS genes in CAM. The present study pointed towards the novel opportunities for rational design of LPS as immuno-stimulatory agent in chickens with reference to IBV. It may be speculated that in ovo administration of these TLR ligands may enhance resistance against viral infection in neonatal chicken and may contribute towards the development of more effective and safer vaccines including in ovo vaccines. |Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Antiviral Agents/pharmacology[MESH] |Avian Proteins/agonists/immunology[MESH] |Chick Embryo[MESH] |Coronavirus Infections/immunology/veterinary/virology[MESH] |Cytokines/metabolism[MESH] |Gene Expression/drug effects/immunology[MESH] |Immunity, Innate[MESH] |Infectious bronchitis virus/*immunology/pathogenicity/physiology[MESH] |Ligands[MESH] |Lipopeptides/pharmacology[MESH] |Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology[MESH] |Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/pharmacology[MESH] |Poultry Diseases/immunology/prevention & control/virology[MESH] |Toll-Like Receptors/*agonists/immunology[MESH] |Viral Load/drug effects/immunology[MESH]Effect of TLR agonist on infections bronchitis virus replication and c(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing