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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Cell+Microbiol 2020 ; 22 (5): e13170 Nephropedia Template TP
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Influenza A virus interactions with macrophages: Lessons from epithelial cells #MMPMID31990121
Cell Microbiol 2020[May]; 22 (5): e13170 PMID31990121show ga
Influenza viruses are an important cause of respiratory infection worldwide. In humans, infection with seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) is generally restricted to the respiratory tract where productive infection of airway epithelial cells promotes viral amplification, dissemination, and disease. Alveolar macrophages (MPhi) are also among the first cells to detect and respond to IAV, where they play a pivotal role in mounting effective innate immune responses. In contrast to epithelial cells, IAV infection of MPhi is a "dead end" for most seasonal strains, where replication is abortive and newly synthesised virions are not released. Although the key replicative stages leading to productive IAV infection in epithelial cells are defined, there is limited knowledge about the abortive IAV life cycle in MPhi. In this review, we will explore host factors and viral elements that support the early stages (entry) through to the late stages (viral egress) of IAV replication in epithelial cells. Similarities, differences, and unknowns for each key stage of the IAV replicative cycle in MPhi will then be highlighted. Herein, we provide mechanistic insights into MPhi-specific control of seasonal IAV replication through abortive infection, which may in turn, contribute to effective host defence.