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Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 229.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 ACS+Omega 2017 ; 2 (4): 1687-1695 Nephropedia Template TP
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Low-Cost and High-Performance Hard Carbon Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries #MMPMID31457533
Wang K; Jin Y; Sun S; Huang Y; Peng J; Luo J; Zhang Q; Qiu Y; Fang C; Han J
ACS Omega 2017[Apr]; 2 (4): 1687-1695 PMID31457533show ga
As an anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), hard carbon (HC) presents high specific capacity and favorable cycling performance. However, high cost and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) of HC seriously limit its future commercialization for SIBs. A typical biowaste, mangosteen shell was selected as a precursor to prepare low-cost and high-performance HC via a facile one-step carbonization method, and the influence of different heat treatments on the morphologies, microstructures, and electrochemical performances was investigated systematically. The microstructure evolution studied using X-ray diffraction, Raman, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, along with electrochemical measurements, reveals the optimal carbonization condition of the mangosteen shell: HC carbonized at 1500 degrees C for 2 h delivers the highest reversible capacity of approximately 330 mA h g(-1) at a current density of 20 mA g(-1), a capacity retention of approximately 98% after 100 cycles, and an ICE of approximately 83%. Additionally, the sodium-ion storage behavior of HC is deeply analyzed using galvanostatic intermittent titration and cyclic voltammetry technologies.