Use my Search Websuite to scan PubMed, PMCentral, Journal Hosts and Journal Archives, FullText. Kick-your-searchterm to multiple Engines kick-your-query now !>

A dictionary by aggregated review articles of nephrology, medicine and the life sciences Your one-stop-run pathway from word to the immediate pdf of peer-reviewed on-topic knowledge.

10.1186/s12993-019-0154-2 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12993-019-0154-2 30836963/?report=reader!6399933!30836963     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Behav+Brain+Funct 2019 ; 15 (1): 3 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=30836963|t=2019. Age-related changes in neuroinflammation and prepulse inhibition in offspring of rats treated with Poly I:C in early gestation |pdf=|usr=}}{{30836963}} gab.com Text Age-related changes in neuroinflammation and prepulse inhibition in offspring of rats treated with Poly I:C in early gestation JO: Behav Brain Funct http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30836963 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation can increase the later risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Neuroinflammation is believed to underlie this process. Postmortem brain studies have found changes in the neuroimmune systems of patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about the dynamic changes in cerebral inflammation and behavior during the course of the disease. METHODS: Here, the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test was conducted in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats prenatally challenged with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 9 to determine the behavioral trajectory triggered by early exposure to Poly I:C. Brain immune changes were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) at both ages. The status of the microglia and astrocytes was determined with immunohistochemical staining. The levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha in both brain regions were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Disrupted PPI, the core phenotype of schizophrenia, only emerged in adulthood. Behavioral changes during puberty and adulthood were both accompanied by the activation of microglia (PFC and HC). Astrocytes were only activated at PN60. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) in the offspring of the Poly I:C-exposed mothers differed with brain region and time, with more cytokines elevated during periadolescence than during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that immune activation emerged before symptom manifestation in the offspring of MIA rats. We conclude that early prenatal Poly I:C challenge can lead to age-related behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes. These data provide new insight into the neuroinflammatory and neuropathological mechanisms underlying the development of schizophrenia. They also suggest that periadolescence could be more important than adulthood in the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia. Twit Text FOAVip Age-related changes in neuroinflammation and prepulse inhibition in offspring of rats treated with Poly I:C in early gestation ????Behav Brain Funct http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30836963 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=30836963 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|30836963}}</ref> Age-related changes in neuroinflammation and prepulse inhibition in offspring of rats treated with Poly I:C in early gestation #MMPMID30836963 Ding S; Hu Y; Luo B; Cai Y; Hao K; Yang Y; Zhang Y; Wang X; Ding M; Zhang H; Li W; Lv L Behav Brain Funct 2019[Mar]; 15 (1): 3 PMID30836963show ga BACKGROUND: Maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation can increase the later risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Neuroinflammation is believed to underlie this process. Postmortem brain studies have found changes in the neuroimmune systems of patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about the dynamic changes in cerebral inflammation and behavior during the course of the disease. METHODS: Here, the prepulse inhibition (PPI) test was conducted in adolescent and adult Sprague-Dawley rats prenatally challenged with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) on gestational day 9 to determine the behavioral trajectory triggered by early exposure to Poly I:C. Brain immune changes were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC) at both ages. The status of the microglia and astrocytes was determined with immunohistochemical staining. The levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha in both brain regions were evaluated with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Disrupted PPI, the core phenotype of schizophrenia, only emerged in adulthood. Behavioral changes during puberty and adulthood were both accompanied by the activation of microglia (PFC and HC). Astrocytes were only activated at PN60. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) in the offspring of the Poly I:C-exposed mothers differed with brain region and time, with more cytokines elevated during periadolescence than during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that immune activation emerged before symptom manifestation in the offspring of MIA rats. We conclude that early prenatal Poly I:C challenge can lead to age-related behavioral and neuroinflammatory changes. These data provide new insight into the neuroinflammatory and neuropathological mechanisms underlying the development of schizophrenia. They also suggest that periadolescence could be more important than adulthood in the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia. |Age Factors[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Behavior, Animal/drug effects[MESH] |Brain/drug effects/pathology[MESH] |Disease Models, Animal[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Hippocampus/drug effects[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Microglia/drug effects[MESH] |Neuroimmunomodulation/physiology[MESH] |Poly I-C/*adverse effects/pharmacology[MESH] |Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects[MESH] |Pregnancy[MESH] |Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects[MESH] |Prepulse Inhibition/physiology[MESH] |Rats[MESH]Age-related changes in neuroinflammation and prepulse inhibition in of(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing