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10.1007/s00401-018-1813-3 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s00401-018-1813-3 29397421/?report=reader!5954071!29397421     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Acta+Neuropathol 2018 ; 135 (6): 887-906 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=29397421|t=2018. Activin receptors regulate the oligodendrocyte lineage in health and disease |pdf=|usr=}}{{29397421}} gab.com Text Activin receptors regulate the oligodendrocyte lineage in health and disease JO: Acta Neuropathol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29397421 #FOAvip The most prevalent neurological disorders of myelin include perinatal brain injury leading to cerebral palsy in infants and multiple sclerosis in adults. Although these disorders have distinct etiologies, they share a common neuropathological feature of failed progenitor differentiation into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and lack of myelin, for which there is an unmet clinical need. Here, we reveal that a molecular pathology common to both disorders is dysregulation of activin receptors and that activin receptor signaling is required for the majority of myelin generation in development and following injury. Using a constitutive conditional knockout of all activin receptor signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells, we discovered this signaling to be required for myelination via regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin compaction. These processes were found to be dependent on the activin receptor subtype Acvr2a, which is expressed during oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal ensheathment in development and following myelin injury. During efficient myelin regeneration, Acvr2a upregulation was seen to coincide with downregulation of Acvr2b, a receptor subtype with relatively higher ligand affinity; Acvr2b was shown to be dispensable for activin receptor-driven oligodendrocyte differentiation and its overexpression was sufficient to impair the abovementioned ligand-driven responses. In actively myelinating or remyelinating areas of human perinatal brain injury and multiple sclerosis tissue, respectively, oligodendrocyte lineage cells expressing Acvr2a outnumbered those expressing Acvr2b, whereas in non-repairing lesions Acvr2b+ cells were increased. Thus, we propose that following human white matter injury, this increase in Acvr2b expression would sequester ligand and consequently impair Acvr2a-driven oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation. Our results demonstrate dysregulated activin receptor signaling in common myelin disorders and reveal Acvr2a as a novel therapeutic target for myelin generation following injury across the lifespan. Twit Text FOAVip Activin receptors regulate the oligodendrocyte lineage in health and disease ????Acta Neuropathol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29397421 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=29397421 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|29397421}}</ref> Activin receptors regulate the oligodendrocyte lineage in health and disease #MMPMID29397421 Dillenburg A; Ireland G; Holloway RK; Davies CL; Evans FL; Swire M; Bechler ME; Soong D; Yuen TJ; Su GH; Becher JC; Smith C; Williams A; Miron VE Acta Neuropathol 2018[Jun]; 135 (6): 887-906 PMID29397421show ga The most prevalent neurological disorders of myelin include perinatal brain injury leading to cerebral palsy in infants and multiple sclerosis in adults. Although these disorders have distinct etiologies, they share a common neuropathological feature of failed progenitor differentiation into myelin-producing oligodendrocytes and lack of myelin, for which there is an unmet clinical need. Here, we reveal that a molecular pathology common to both disorders is dysregulation of activin receptors and that activin receptor signaling is required for the majority of myelin generation in development and following injury. Using a constitutive conditional knockout of all activin receptor signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells, we discovered this signaling to be required for myelination via regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin compaction. These processes were found to be dependent on the activin receptor subtype Acvr2a, which is expressed during oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal ensheathment in development and following myelin injury. During efficient myelin regeneration, Acvr2a upregulation was seen to coincide with downregulation of Acvr2b, a receptor subtype with relatively higher ligand affinity; Acvr2b was shown to be dispensable for activin receptor-driven oligodendrocyte differentiation and its overexpression was sufficient to impair the abovementioned ligand-driven responses. In actively myelinating or remyelinating areas of human perinatal brain injury and multiple sclerosis tissue, respectively, oligodendrocyte lineage cells expressing Acvr2a outnumbered those expressing Acvr2b, whereas in non-repairing lesions Acvr2b+ cells were increased. Thus, we propose that following human white matter injury, this increase in Acvr2b expression would sequester ligand and consequently impair Acvr2a-driven oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation. Our results demonstrate dysregulated activin receptor signaling in common myelin disorders and reveal Acvr2a as a novel therapeutic target for myelin generation following injury across the lifespan. |Activin Receptors/genetics/*metabolism[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Brain Injuries/metabolism/pathology[MESH] |Brain/metabolism/pathology[MESH] |Cell Differentiation/*physiology[MESH] |Cell Lineage/*physiology[MESH] |Cells, Cultured[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Mice, Inbred C57BL[MESH] |Mice, Knockout[MESH] |Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism/pathology[MESH] |Oligodendroglia/*metabolism/pathology[MESH] |Rats, Sprague-Dawley[MESH] |Tissue Culture Techniques[MESH]Activin receptors regulate the oligodendrocyte lineage in health and d(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing