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10.1186/s12866-017-1017-3 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s12866-017-1017-3 28477626/?report=reader!5420147!28477626     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 227.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       BMC+Microbiol 2017 ; 17 (1): 107 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=28477626|t=2017. When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug combinations |pdf=|usr=}}{{28477626}} gab.com Text When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug combinations JO: BMC Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28477626 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: In drug-drug interactions, there are surprising cases in which the growth inhibition of bacteria by a single antibiotic decreases when a second antibiotic is added. These interactions are termed suppressive and have been argued to have the potential to limit the evolution of resistance. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to suppressive interactions because clinical studies typically search for increases in killing efficiency and because suppressive interactions are believed to be rare based on pairwise studies. RESULTS: Here, we quantify the effects of single-, double-, and triple-drug combinations from a set of 14 antibiotics and 3 bacteria strains, totaling 364 unique three-drug combinations per bacteria strain. We find that increasing the number of drugs can increase the prevalence of suppressive interactions: 17% of three-drug combinations are suppressive compared to 5% of two-drug combinations in this study. Most cases of suppression we find (97%) are "hidden" cases for which the triple-drug bacterial growth is less than the single-drug treatments but exceeds that of a pairwise combination. CONCLUSIONS: We find a surprising number of suppressive interactions in higher-order drug combinations. Without examining lower-order (pairwise) bacterial growth, emergent suppressive effects would be missed, potentially affecting our understanding of evolution of resistance and treatment strategies for resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that careful examination of the full factorial of drug combinations is needed to uncover suppressive interactions in higher-order combinations. Twit Text FOAVip When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug combinations ????BMC Microbiol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28477626 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=28477626 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|28477626}}</ref> When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug combinations #MMPMID28477626 Beppler C; Tekin E; White C; Mao Z; Miller JH; Damoiseaux R; Savage VM; Yeh PJ BMC Microbiol 2017[May]; 17 (1): 107 PMID28477626show ga BACKGROUND: In drug-drug interactions, there are surprising cases in which the growth inhibition of bacteria by a single antibiotic decreases when a second antibiotic is added. These interactions are termed suppressive and have been argued to have the potential to limit the evolution of resistance. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to suppressive interactions because clinical studies typically search for increases in killing efficiency and because suppressive interactions are believed to be rare based on pairwise studies. RESULTS: Here, we quantify the effects of single-, double-, and triple-drug combinations from a set of 14 antibiotics and 3 bacteria strains, totaling 364 unique three-drug combinations per bacteria strain. We find that increasing the number of drugs can increase the prevalence of suppressive interactions: 17% of three-drug combinations are suppressive compared to 5% of two-drug combinations in this study. Most cases of suppression we find (97%) are "hidden" cases for which the triple-drug bacterial growth is less than the single-drug treatments but exceeds that of a pairwise combination. CONCLUSIONS: We find a surprising number of suppressive interactions in higher-order drug combinations. Without examining lower-order (pairwise) bacterial growth, emergent suppressive effects would be missed, potentially affecting our understanding of evolution of resistance and treatment strategies for resistant pathogens. These findings suggest that careful examination of the full factorial of drug combinations is needed to uncover suppressive interactions in higher-order combinations. |*Drug Combinations[MESH] |*Drug Interactions[MESH] |Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology[MESH] |Bacteria/*drug effects[MESH] |Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial[MESH] |Escherichia coli/drug effects/growth & development[MESH] |Microbial Sensitivity Tests[MESH] |Models, Biological[MESH]When more is less: Emergent suppressive interactions in three-drug com(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing