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10.1186/s40478-016-0395-3 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1186/s40478-016-0395-3 27884214/?report=reader!5123270!27884214     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Acta+Neuropathol+Commun 2016 ; 4 (1): 124 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27884214|t=2016. Neuronal and glial changes in the brain resulting from explosive blast in an experimental model |pdf=|usr=}}{{27884214}} gab.com Text Neuronal and glial changes in the brain resulting from explosive blast in an experimental model JO: Acta Neuropathol Commun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27884214 #FOAvip Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the signature injury in warfighters exposed to explosive blasts. The pathology underlying mTBI is poorly understood, as this condition is rarely fatal and thus postmortem brains are difficult to obtain for neuropathological studies. Here we report on studies of an experimental model with a gyrencephalic brain that is exposed to single and multiple explosive blast pressure waves. To determine injuries to the brain resulting from the primary blast, experimental conditions were controlled to eliminate any secondary or tertiary injury from blasts. We found small but significant levels of neuronal loss in the hippocampus, a brain area that is important for cognitive functions. Furthermore, neuronal loss increased with multiple blasts and the degree of neuronal injury worsened with time post-blast. This is consistent with our findings in the blast-exposed human brain based on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. The studies on this experimental model thus confirm what has been presumed to be the case with the warfighter, namely that exposure to multiple blasts causes increased brain injury. Additionally, as in other studies of both explosive blast as well as closed head mTBI, we found astrocyte activation. Activated microglia were also prominent in white matter tracts, particularly in animals exposed to multiple blasts and at long post-blast intervals, even though injured axons (i.e. beta-APP positive) were not found in these areas. Microglial activation appears to be a delayed response, though whether they may contribute to inflammation related injury mechanism at even longer post-blast times than we tested here, remains to be explored. Petechial hemorrhages or other gross signs of vascular injury were not observed in our study. These findings confirm the development of neuropathological changes due to blast exposure. The activation of astrocytes and microglia, cell types potentially involved in inflammatory processes, suggest an important area for future study. Twit Text FOAVip Neuronal and glial changes in the brain resulting from explosive blast in an experimental model ????Acta Neuropathol Commun http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27884214 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27884214 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27884214}}</ref> Neuronal and glial changes in the brain resulting from explosive blast in an experimental model #MMPMID27884214 Goodrich JA; Kim JH; Situ R; Taylor W; Westmoreland T; Du F; Parks S; Ling G; Hwang JY; Rapuano A; Bandak FA; de Lanerolle NC Acta Neuropathol Commun 2016[Nov]; 4 (1): 124 PMID27884214show ga Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the signature injury in warfighters exposed to explosive blasts. The pathology underlying mTBI is poorly understood, as this condition is rarely fatal and thus postmortem brains are difficult to obtain for neuropathological studies. Here we report on studies of an experimental model with a gyrencephalic brain that is exposed to single and multiple explosive blast pressure waves. To determine injuries to the brain resulting from the primary blast, experimental conditions were controlled to eliminate any secondary or tertiary injury from blasts. We found small but significant levels of neuronal loss in the hippocampus, a brain area that is important for cognitive functions. Furthermore, neuronal loss increased with multiple blasts and the degree of neuronal injury worsened with time post-blast. This is consistent with our findings in the blast-exposed human brain based on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. The studies on this experimental model thus confirm what has been presumed to be the case with the warfighter, namely that exposure to multiple blasts causes increased brain injury. Additionally, as in other studies of both explosive blast as well as closed head mTBI, we found astrocyte activation. Activated microglia were also prominent in white matter tracts, particularly in animals exposed to multiple blasts and at long post-blast intervals, even though injured axons (i.e. beta-APP positive) were not found in these areas. Microglial activation appears to be a delayed response, though whether they may contribute to inflammation related injury mechanism at even longer post-blast times than we tested here, remains to be explored. Petechial hemorrhages or other gross signs of vascular injury were not observed in our study. These findings confirm the development of neuropathological changes due to blast exposure. The activation of astrocytes and microglia, cell types potentially involved in inflammatory processes, suggest an important area for future study. |Animals[MESH] |Astrocytes/*pathology[MESH] |Blast Injuries/complications/*pathology[MESH] |Brain Injuries/etiology/*pathology[MESH] |Brain/*pathology[MESH] |Cell Count[MESH] |Disease Models, Animal[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Microglia/*pathology[MESH] |Neurons/*pathology[MESH] |Swine[MESH]Neuronal and glial changes in the brain resulting from explosive blast(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing