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10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.032 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.032 27018467!ä!27018467 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 233.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 267.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 300.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 334.4 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 334.4 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 334.4 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 334.4 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 334.4 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Am+J+Obstet+Gynecol 2016 ; 215 (3): 382.e1-6 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=27018467|t=2016. Maternal magnesium sulfate fetal neuroprotective effects to the fetus: inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in a rodent model |pdf=|usr=}}{{27018467}} gab.com Text Maternal magnesium sulfate fetal neuroprotective effects to the fetus: inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in a rodent model JO: Am J Obstet Gynecol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27018467 #FOAvip BACKGROUND: Maternal magnesium administration has been shown to protect the preterm fetus from white- and gray-matter injury, although the mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to test the following hypotheses: (1) maternal infections/inflammation activate fetal neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors that up-regulate neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways; and (2) maternal magnesium sulfate attenuates fetal brain neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant rats at embryonic day 16 and embryonic day 18 (n = 6, 48 total) received injections of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide 500 mug/kg or saline at time 0. Dams were randomized for treatment with subcutaneous magnesium sulfate (270 mg/kg) or saline for 2 hours prior to and following lipopolysaccharide/saline injections. At 4 hours after lipopolysaccharide administration, fetal brains were collected from the 4 treatment groups (lipopolysaccharide/saline, lipopolysaccharide/magnesium sulfate, saline/magnesium sulfate, saline/saline), and phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 protein levels were determined by Western blot. An additional group of pregnant rats (n = 5) received N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist following the lipopolysaccharide injection to study magnesium sulfate protective mechanism. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide/saline) significantly increased fetal brain phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 protein levels compared to the saline/saline group at both embryonic day 16 (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.23 +/- 0.01 vs 0.11 +/- 0.01 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.24 +/- 0.01 vs 0.14 +/- 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.28 +/- 0.01 vs .01 +/- 0.01 U) and embryonic day 18 (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.28 +/- 0.01 vs 0.12 +/- 0.01 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.12 +/- 0.01 vs 0.1 +/- 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.27 +/- 0.01 vs 0.11 +/- 0.01 U). Magnesium sulfate treatment to lipopolysaccharide dams (lipopolysaccharide/magnesium sulfate) significantly decreased fetal brain phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 protein levels compared to lipopolysaccharide/saline dams at both embryonic day 16 (neuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.17 +/- 0.02 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.17 +/- 0.03 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.18 +/- 0.01 U) and embryonic day 18 (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.1 +/- 0.01 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.09 +/- 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.21 +/- 0.01 U). Notably, maternal lipopolysaccharide at embryonic day 16 activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells twice as often compared to dams induced at embryonic day 18. N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist decreased fetal brain phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells levels comparable to magnesium sulfate. CONCLUSION: Lipopolysaccharide-simulated inflammation during pregnancy may cause brain injury through activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways and, potentially, production of excitotoxic nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators. The increased susceptibility to brain injury in preterm fetuses may be due to enhanced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation. Magnesium sulfate protective effects may be secondary, in part, to inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation and decrease proinflammatory cytokine production through blocking nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells receptors. Twit Text FOAVip Maternal magnesium sulfate fetal neuroprotective effects to the fetus: inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in a rodent model ????Am J Obstet Gynecol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27018467 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=27018467 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|27018467}}</ref> Maternal magnesium sulfate fetal neuroprotective effects to the fetus: inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation in a rodent model #MMPMID27018467 Beloosesky R; Khatib N; Ginsberg Y; Anabosy S; Shalom-Paz E; Dahis M; Ross MG; Weiner Z Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016[Sep]; 215 (3): 382.e1-6 PMID27018467show ga BACKGROUND: Maternal magnesium administration has been shown to protect the preterm fetus from white- and gray-matter injury, although the mechanism is unknown. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to test the following hypotheses: (1) maternal infections/inflammation activate fetal neuronal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors that up-regulate neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways; and (2) maternal magnesium sulfate attenuates fetal brain neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. STUDY DESIGN: Pregnant rats at embryonic day 16 and embryonic day 18 (n = 6, 48 total) received injections of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide 500 mug/kg or saline at time 0. Dams were randomized for treatment with subcutaneous magnesium sulfate (270 mg/kg) or saline for 2 hours prior to and following lipopolysaccharide/saline injections. At 4 hours after lipopolysaccharide administration, fetal brains were collected from the 4 treatment groups (lipopolysaccharide/saline, lipopolysaccharide/magnesium sulfate, saline/magnesium sulfate, saline/saline), and phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 protein levels were determined by Western blot. An additional group of pregnant rats (n = 5) received N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist following the lipopolysaccharide injection to study magnesium sulfate protective mechanism. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (lipopolysaccharide/saline) significantly increased fetal brain phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 protein levels compared to the saline/saline group at both embryonic day 16 (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.23 +/- 0.01 vs 0.11 +/- 0.01 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.24 +/- 0.01 vs 0.14 +/- 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.28 +/- 0.01 vs .01 +/- 0.01 U) and embryonic day 18 (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.28 +/- 0.01 vs 0.12 +/- 0.01 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.12 +/- 0.01 vs 0.1 +/- 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.27 +/- 0.01 vs 0.11 +/- 0.01 U). Magnesium sulfate treatment to lipopolysaccharide dams (lipopolysaccharide/magnesium sulfate) significantly decreased fetal brain phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 protein levels compared to lipopolysaccharide/saline dams at both embryonic day 16 (neuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.17 +/- 0.02 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.17 +/- 0.03 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.18 +/- 0.01 U) and embryonic day 18 (phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase 0.1 +/- 0.01 U; nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells 0.09 +/- 0.01 U; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 0.21 +/- 0.01 U). Notably, maternal lipopolysaccharide at embryonic day 16 activated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells twice as often compared to dams induced at embryonic day 18. N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonist decreased fetal brain phosphoneuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells levels comparable to magnesium sulfate. CONCLUSION: Lipopolysaccharide-simulated inflammation during pregnancy may cause brain injury through activation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathways and, potentially, production of excitotoxic nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators. The increased susceptibility to brain injury in preterm fetuses may be due to enhanced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation. Magnesium sulfate protective effects may be secondary, in part, to inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation and decrease proinflammatory cytokine production through blocking nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells receptors. |Animals[MESH] |Brain/*metabolism[MESH] |Chemokine CCL2/metabolism[MESH] |Female[MESH] |Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage/adverse effects[MESH] |Magnesium Sulfate/*pharmacology[MESH] |Models, Animal[MESH] |NF-kappa B/*metabolism[MESH] |Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology[MESH] |Nitric Oxide Synthase/*metabolism[MESH] |Pregnancy[MESH]Maternal magnesium sulfate fetal neuroprotective effects to the fetus:(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing