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10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.010 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.010 24055448/?report=reader!5705084!24055448     free     free     free Warning: file_get_contents(https://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=24055448&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 215 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 215.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Antiviral+Res 2013 ; 100 (2): 535-45 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=24055448|t=2013. Neurological approaches for investigating West Nile virus disease and its treatment in rodents |pdf=|usr=}}{{24055448}} gab.com Text Neurological approaches for investigating West Nile virus disease and its treatment in rodents JO: Antiviral Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24055448 #FOAvip West Nile virus (WNV) has had a major public health impact since its emergence in the Western Hemisphere; in 2012, nearly 3000 cases of WN neuroinvasive disease were identified in the United States. The underlying mechanisms of WN neurologic disease can only be studied to a limited extent in patients, but can be investigated in much greater detail in animal models. In this paper, we describe how we and others have employed a variety of electrophysiological and neurological techniques to study experimental WNV infections in hamsters and mice. The methods have included electrophysiological motor unit number estimation; optogenetic photoactivation of the spinal cord and electromyography; plethysmography; measurement of heart rate variability as an indication of autonomic nervous system dysfunction; and an assessment of spatial memory loss using the Morris water maze. These techniques provide a more refined assessment of disease manifestations in rodents than traditional measurements of weight loss and mortality, and should make it possible to identify targets for therapeutic intervention and to directly assess the effects of novel treatments. Twit Text FOAVip Neurological approaches for investigating West Nile virus disease and its treatment in rodents ????Antiviral Res http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24055448 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=24055448 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|24055448}}</ref> Neurological approaches for investigating West Nile virus disease and its treatment in rodents #MMPMID24055448 Morrey JD; Siddharthan V; Wang H Antiviral Res 2013[Nov]; 100 (2): 535-45 PMID24055448show ga West Nile virus (WNV) has had a major public health impact since its emergence in the Western Hemisphere; in 2012, nearly 3000 cases of WN neuroinvasive disease were identified in the United States. The underlying mechanisms of WN neurologic disease can only be studied to a limited extent in patients, but can be investigated in much greater detail in animal models. In this paper, we describe how we and others have employed a variety of electrophysiological and neurological techniques to study experimental WNV infections in hamsters and mice. The methods have included electrophysiological motor unit number estimation; optogenetic photoactivation of the spinal cord and electromyography; plethysmography; measurement of heart rate variability as an indication of autonomic nervous system dysfunction; and an assessment of spatial memory loss using the Morris water maze. These techniques provide a more refined assessment of disease manifestations in rodents than traditional measurements of weight loss and mortality, and should make it possible to identify targets for therapeutic intervention and to directly assess the effects of novel treatments. |*Disease Models, Animal[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Cricetinae[MESH] |Electrophysiological Phenomena[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Mice[MESH] |Neurologic Examination[MESH] |West Nile Fever/*pathology/*virology[MESH]Neurological approaches for investigating West Nile virus disease and (epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing