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10.1111/2049-632X.12053 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/2049-632X.12053 23821437!7108517!23821437     free     free     free Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 219.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Pathog+Dis 2013 ; 69 (2): 87-100 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=23821437|t=2013. Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium |pdf=|usr=}}{{23821437}} gab.com Text Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium JO: Pathog Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23821437 #FOAvip Influenza is an acute infection of the respiratory tract, which affects each year millions of people. Influenza virus infection is initiated by the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) through receptor binding and fusion of viral and endosomal membranes. HA is synthesized as a precursor protein and requires cleavage by host cell proteases to gain its fusion capacity. Although cleavage of HA is crucial for virus infectivity, little was known about relevant proteases in the human airways for a long time. Recent progress in the identification and characterization of HA-activating host cell proteases has been considerable however and supports the idea of targeting HA cleavage as a novel approach for influenza treatment. Interestingly, certain bacteria have been demonstrated to support HA activation either by secreting proteases that cleave HA or due to activation of cellular proteases and thereby may contribute to virus spread and enhanced pathogenicity. In this review, we give an overview on activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria with the main focus on recent progress on HA cleavage by proteases HAT and TMPRSS2 in the human airway epithelium. In addition, we outline investigations of HA-activating proteases as potential drug targets for influenza treatment. Twit Text FOAVip Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium ????Pathog Dis http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23821437 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=23821437 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|23821437}}</ref> Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria in the human airway epithelium #MMPMID23821437 Bottcher-Friebertshauser E; Klenk HD; Garten W Pathog Dis 2013[Nov]; 69 (2): 87-100 PMID23821437show ga Influenza is an acute infection of the respiratory tract, which affects each year millions of people. Influenza virus infection is initiated by the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) through receptor binding and fusion of viral and endosomal membranes. HA is synthesized as a precursor protein and requires cleavage by host cell proteases to gain its fusion capacity. Although cleavage of HA is crucial for virus infectivity, little was known about relevant proteases in the human airways for a long time. Recent progress in the identification and characterization of HA-activating host cell proteases has been considerable however and supports the idea of targeting HA cleavage as a novel approach for influenza treatment. Interestingly, certain bacteria have been demonstrated to support HA activation either by secreting proteases that cleave HA or due to activation of cellular proteases and thereby may contribute to virus spread and enhanced pathogenicity. In this review, we give an overview on activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacteria with the main focus on recent progress on HA cleavage by proteases HAT and TMPRSS2 in the human airway epithelium. In addition, we outline investigations of HA-activating proteases as potential drug targets for influenza treatment. |*Host-Pathogen Interactions[MESH] |*Virus Internalization[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Bacteria/*enzymology/metabolism[MESH] |Epithelium/*enzymology/metabolism[MESH] |Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*metabolism[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Orthomyxoviridae/*physiology[MESH]Activation of influenza viruses by proteases from host cells and bacte(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing