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10.1007/s00705-010-0716-y http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1007/s00705-010-0716-y 20532927!ä!20532927 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Arch+Virol 2010 ; 155 (8): 1273-9 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=20532927|t=2010. Induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages by avian and human influenza viruses |pdf=|usr=}}{{20532927}} gab.com Text Induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages by avian and human influenza viruses JO: Arch Virol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=20532927 #FOAvip The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 is known to induce high level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from primary macrophages. However, it is still unclear whether current H5N1 strains also induce high TNF-alpha production, as most of the data were derived from extinct clade 0 H5N1 strain. Here, we show that current clade 1 and 2 H5N1 strains induce variable levels of TNF-alpha that are not necessarily higher than those induced by seasonal influenza viruses. The result suggests that hyper-induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages is not always associated with a highly pathogenic phenotype. We further tested the contribution of the NS gene segment from H5N1 isolates to TNF-alpha induction by using reverse genetics. While NS conferred some variation in TNF-alpha induction when incorporated into an H1N1 virus genetic background, it did not affect TNF-alpha induction in an H5N1 virus genetic background, suggesting that other viral genes are involved. Twit Text FOAVip Induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages by avian and human influenza viruses ????Arch Virol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=20532927 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=20532927 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|20532927}}</ref> Induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages by avian and human influenza viruses #MMPMID20532927 Monteerarat Y; Sakabe S; Ngamurulert S; Srichatraphimuk S; Jiamtom W; Chaichuen K; Thitithanyanont A; Permpikul P; Songserm T; Puthavathana P; Nidom CA; Mai le Q; Iwatsuki-Horimoto K; Kawaoka Y; Auewarakul P Arch Virol 2010[Aug]; 155 (8): 1273-9 PMID20532927show ga The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 is known to induce high level of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from primary macrophages. However, it is still unclear whether current H5N1 strains also induce high TNF-alpha production, as most of the data were derived from extinct clade 0 H5N1 strain. Here, we show that current clade 1 and 2 H5N1 strains induce variable levels of TNF-alpha that are not necessarily higher than those induced by seasonal influenza viruses. The result suggests that hyper-induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages is not always associated with a highly pathogenic phenotype. We further tested the contribution of the NS gene segment from H5N1 isolates to TNF-alpha induction by using reverse genetics. While NS conferred some variation in TNF-alpha induction when incorporated into an H1N1 virus genetic background, it did not affect TNF-alpha induction in an H5N1 virus genetic background, suggesting that other viral genes are involved. |Animals[MESH] |Birds/virology[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology[MESH] |Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/immunology[MESH] |Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology[MESH] |Influenza A virus/*immunology[MESH] |Influenza in Birds/*virology[MESH] |Influenza, Human/*virology[MESH] |Macrophages/*immunology[MESH] |Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/*biosynthesis[MESH]Induction of TNF-alpha in human macrophages by avian and human influen(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing