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http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/ 1940351!ä!1940351 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 278.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 278.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       J+Immunol 1991 ; 147 (10): 3507-13 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=1940351|t=1991. Influenza A virus infection of macrophages Enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression and lipopolysaccharide-triggered TNF-alpha release |pdf=|usr=}}{{1940351}} gab.com Text Influenza A virus infection of macrophages Enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression and lipopolysaccharide-triggered TNF-alpha release JO: J Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=1940351 #FOAvip We have previously shown that infection of macrophages by influenza A virus is capable of priming for a high TNF-alpha production in response to LPS. The present study was designed to examine in more detail TNF-alpha gene expression and TNF-alpha protein release of virus-infected, murine PU5-1.8 macrophages in the presence or absence of low and by itself rather inefficient concentrations of LPS (10 ng/ml). Although influenza A virus infection alone induced a massive TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation, translation into the bioactive TNF-alpha protein was low as intra- and extracellularly determined by bioassay, specific ELISA and Western blot. However, when LPS was added simultaneously or up to 4 h after infection, a high TNF-alpha production was initiated. The virus-induced TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation appeared to be due to both transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes: an enhanced TNF-alpha gene transcription as determined by nuclear run-on transcription assay and a markedly prolonged half-life of TNF-alpha mRNA as shown in actinomycin D-treated macrophages. These findings imply that influenza A virus may 1) either directly or indirectly stimulate TNF-alpha gene transcription activators or may interfere with labile transcription repressor proteins and 2) may stabilize TNF-alpha mRNA by delaying its degradation. Both mechanisms, taken together, prime influenza A virus-infected macrophages for a high TNF-alpha release in response to LPS which, as clinical cases show, may adversely affect patients with combined influenza A virus and bacterial infections. Twit Text FOAVip Influenza A virus infection of macrophages Enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression and lipopolysaccharide-triggered TNF-alpha release ????J Immunol http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=1940351 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=1940351 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|1940351}}</ref> Influenza A virus infection of macrophages Enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression and lipopolysaccharide-triggered TNF-alpha release #MMPMID1940351 Gong JH; Sprenger H; Hinder F; Bender A; Schmidt A; Horch S; Nain M; Gemsa D J Immunol 1991[Nov]; 147 (10): 3507-13 PMID1940351show ga We have previously shown that infection of macrophages by influenza A virus is capable of priming for a high TNF-alpha production in response to LPS. The present study was designed to examine in more detail TNF-alpha gene expression and TNF-alpha protein release of virus-infected, murine PU5-1.8 macrophages in the presence or absence of low and by itself rather inefficient concentrations of LPS (10 ng/ml). Although influenza A virus infection alone induced a massive TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation, translation into the bioactive TNF-alpha protein was low as intra- and extracellularly determined by bioassay, specific ELISA and Western blot. However, when LPS was added simultaneously or up to 4 h after infection, a high TNF-alpha production was initiated. The virus-induced TNF-alpha mRNA accumulation appeared to be due to both transcriptional and post-transcriptional changes: an enhanced TNF-alpha gene transcription as determined by nuclear run-on transcription assay and a markedly prolonged half-life of TNF-alpha mRNA as shown in actinomycin D-treated macrophages. These findings imply that influenza A virus may 1) either directly or indirectly stimulate TNF-alpha gene transcription activators or may interfere with labile transcription repressor proteins and 2) may stabilize TNF-alpha mRNA by delaying its degradation. Both mechanisms, taken together, prime influenza A virus-infected macrophages for a high TNF-alpha release in response to LPS which, as clinical cases show, may adversely affect patients with combined influenza A virus and bacterial infections. |Animals[MESH] |Cell Line[MESH] |Gene Expression[MESH] |In Vitro Techniques[MESH] |Influenza A virus/*immunology[MESH] |Lipopolysaccharides/immunology[MESH] |Macrophages/*immunology[MESH] |Mice[MESH] |Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*immunology[MESH] |RNA, Messenger/metabolism[MESH] |Transcription, Genetic[MESH]Influenza A virus infection of macrophages Enhanced tumor necrosis fa(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing