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10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00690.x http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2008.00690.x 18837776!ä!18837776 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 231.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Immunol+Rev 2008 ; 225 (ä): 68-84 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=18837776|t=2008. Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response |pdf=|usr=}}{{18837776}} gab.com Text Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response JO: Immunol Rev http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=18837776 #FOAvip Influenza A viruses of avian origin represent an emerging threat to human health as the progenitors of the next influenza pandemic. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have caused unprecedented epizootics on three continents and rare but highly fatal disease among humans exposed to diseased birds. Avian viruses of the H7 and H9 subtypes have also infected humans but generally resulted in far milder disease, yet they too should be considered as possible pandemic threats. Influenza virus infection elicits a complex network of host immune responses that, in uncomplicated influenza, results in effective control of the virus and the development of long-term memory responses. However, fatal avian H5N1 virus infection in both humans and experimental mammalian models is characterized by a high viral load in the respiratory tract, peripheral leukopenia and lymphopenia, a massive infiltration of macrophages into the lung, and dysregulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. This review focuses on avian influenza viruses as a pandemic threat, their induction of host innate immune responses in mammalian species, and the contribution of these responses to the disease process. Twit Text FOAVip Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response ????Immunol Rev http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=18837776 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=18837776 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|18837776}}</ref> Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the host innate immune response #MMPMID18837776 Maines TR; Szretter KJ; Perrone L; Belser JA; Bright RA; Zeng H; Tumpey TM; Katz JM Immunol Rev 2008[Oct]; 225 (ä): 68-84 PMID18837776show ga Influenza A viruses of avian origin represent an emerging threat to human health as the progenitors of the next influenza pandemic. In recent years, highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses have caused unprecedented epizootics on three continents and rare but highly fatal disease among humans exposed to diseased birds. Avian viruses of the H7 and H9 subtypes have also infected humans but generally resulted in far milder disease, yet they too should be considered as possible pandemic threats. Influenza virus infection elicits a complex network of host immune responses that, in uncomplicated influenza, results in effective control of the virus and the development of long-term memory responses. However, fatal avian H5N1 virus infection in both humans and experimental mammalian models is characterized by a high viral load in the respiratory tract, peripheral leukopenia and lymphopenia, a massive infiltration of macrophages into the lung, and dysregulation of cytokine and chemokine responses. This review focuses on avian influenza viruses as a pandemic threat, their induction of host innate immune responses in mammalian species, and the contribution of these responses to the disease process. |*Disease Outbreaks[MESH] |Animals[MESH] |Birds/virology[MESH] |CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/virology[MESH] |Cytokines/immunology/metabolism[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use[MESH] |Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology/*physiology[MESH] |Influenza in Birds/immunology/*virology[MESH] |Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/immunology/*transmission/virology[MESH]Pathogenesis of emerging avian influenza viruses in mammals and the ho(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing