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10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.011 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/j.clnu.2006.01.011 16698131!ä!16698131 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 213.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Clin+Nutr 2006 ; 25 (6): 984-93 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=16698131|t=2006. Tolerable infusion rate of citrate based on clinical signs and the electrocardiogram in conscious dogs |pdf=|usr=}}{{16698131}} gab.com Text Tolerable infusion rate of citrate based on clinical signs and the electrocardiogram in conscious dogs JO: Clin Nutr http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=16698131 #FOAvip BACKGROUND & AIMS: The possible clinical significance of the toxic effects of citrate has not yet been fully clarified. This study was therefore conducted to confirm the toxicity and determine the tolerable infusion rate of citrate administered by rapid intravenous infusion to conscious dogs. METHODS: Citrate solutions were infused via the cephalic vein of 4 conscious dogs at 0.33, 0.67, or 1.33mmol/kg/h up to 1.33mmol/kg. Clinical signs and the electrocardiogram were observed during and after infusion. Serum citrate and ionized calcium levels were also measured. RESULTS: Although the mean citrate level increased in accordance with the infusion rate, the calcium level decreased. No significant changes in clinical signs or the electrocardiogram were observed during infusion at 0.33mmol/kg/h despite an increase in the serum citrate level to 1.22+/-0.11mmol/l (pre-infusion value: 0.38+/-0.01mmol/l) and a decrease in the serum calcium level to 1.28+/-0.03mmol/l (pre-infusion value: 1.50+/-0.05mmol/l). Vomiting and QTc prolongation were observed at 0.67mmol/kg/h or higher. Salivation and tachycardia were observed at 1.33mmol/kg/h. CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical signs and the electrocardiogram, the tolerable infusion rate of citrate in conscious dogs is concluded to be 0.33mmol/kg/h. Twit Text FOAVip Tolerable infusion rate of citrate based on clinical signs and the electrocardiogram in conscious dogs ????Clin Nutr http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=16698131 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=16698131 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|16698131}}</ref> Tolerable infusion rate of citrate based on clinical signs and the electrocardiogram in conscious dogs #MMPMID16698131 Fukuda T; Toyoshima S; Nakashima Y; Koshitani O; Kawaguchi Y; Momii A Clin Nutr 2006[Dec]; 25 (6): 984-93 PMID16698131show ga BACKGROUND & AIMS: The possible clinical significance of the toxic effects of citrate has not yet been fully clarified. This study was therefore conducted to confirm the toxicity and determine the tolerable infusion rate of citrate administered by rapid intravenous infusion to conscious dogs. METHODS: Citrate solutions were infused via the cephalic vein of 4 conscious dogs at 0.33, 0.67, or 1.33mmol/kg/h up to 1.33mmol/kg. Clinical signs and the electrocardiogram were observed during and after infusion. Serum citrate and ionized calcium levels were also measured. RESULTS: Although the mean citrate level increased in accordance with the infusion rate, the calcium level decreased. No significant changes in clinical signs or the electrocardiogram were observed during infusion at 0.33mmol/kg/h despite an increase in the serum citrate level to 1.22+/-0.11mmol/l (pre-infusion value: 0.38+/-0.01mmol/l) and a decrease in the serum calcium level to 1.28+/-0.03mmol/l (pre-infusion value: 1.50+/-0.05mmol/l). Vomiting and QTc prolongation were observed at 0.67mmol/kg/h or higher. Salivation and tachycardia were observed at 1.33mmol/kg/h. CONCLUSIONS: Based on clinical signs and the electrocardiogram, the tolerable infusion rate of citrate in conscious dogs is concluded to be 0.33mmol/kg/h. |Animals[MESH] |Anticoagulants/*pharmacokinetics/toxicity[MESH] |Area Under Curve[MESH] |Calcium/*blood[MESH] |Citric Acid/*pharmacokinetics/toxicity[MESH] |Dogs[MESH] |Dose-Response Relationship, Drug[MESH] |Electrocardiography[MESH] |Hypocalcemia/*chemically induced[MESH] |Infusions, Intravenous[MESH] |Long QT Syndrome/chemically induced[MESH] |Magnesium/blood[MESH] |Male[MESH] |Random Allocation[MESH] |Salivation[MESH] |Tachycardia/chemically induced[MESH] |Time Factors[MESH]Tolerable infusion rate of citrate based on clinical signs and the el(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing