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10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00212-0 http://scihub22266oqcxt.onion/10.1016/s0009-2797(02)00212-0 12604221!ä!12604221 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 211.6 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 245.2 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534 Deprecated: Implicit conversion from float 278.79999999999995 to int loses precision in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\pget.php on line 534       Chem+Biol+Interact 2003 ; 143-144 (ä): 341-51 Nephropedia Template TP {{tp|p=12604221|t=2003. Methylglyoxal metabolism and diabetic complications: roles of aldose reductase, glyoxalase-I, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase |pdf=|usr=}}{{12604221}} gab.com Text Methylglyoxal metabolism and diabetic complications: roles of aldose reductase, glyoxalase-I, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase JO: Chem Biol Interact http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=12604221 #FOAvip The 2-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal (MeG) is the precursor to a number of the known advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) implicated in the development of diabetic complications. Other 2-oxoaldehydes that are important in AGE formation, such as glyoxal, glucosone, deoxyglucosone, xylosone and deoxyxylosone, are produced by nonenzymatic reactions. By contrast, MeG is produced by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes, most of which appear to be enhanced in diabetes. MeG may be a major precursor to formation of AGE, and rates of production of MeG depend upon physiological conditions such as hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. MeG is also unique compared to the other 2-oxoaldehydes in its complex metabolism. At least four pathways contribute to detoxification of MeG: (1) aldose reductase, a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide range of aldehydes. MeG is the best of the known physiological aldehyde substrates of aldose reductase. The distribution of aldose reductase in human tissue is restricted; there is little expression in liver; (2) the ubiquitous and highly active glyoxalase system converts MeG into D-lactate. However, this system depends upon the availability of glutathione; activity is severely limited by conditions of oxidative stress that impact levels of glutathione; (3) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, also known as ALDH9, is able to catalyze the oxidation of MeG to pyruvate, although less efficiently than with its substrate betaine aldehyde; (4) the long-known but not widely studied 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenases (2-ODHs) catalyze the oxidation of MeG to pyruvate, primarily in liver. There are two NADP-dependent 2-ODHs in human liver. Both of these require an activating amine. The physiological activator is unknown. Twit Text FOAVip Methylglyoxal metabolism and diabetic complications: roles of aldose reductase, glyoxalase-I, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase ????Chem Biol Interact http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=12604221 #FOAvip Twit Text # Free Paper on # # # # # LINK http://www.kidney.de/pget.php?&tw=1&pmid=12604221 #FOAvip English Wikipedia <ref>{{Cite pmid|12604221}}</ref> Methylglyoxal metabolism and diabetic complications: roles of aldose reductase, glyoxalase-I, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase and 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenase #MMPMID12604221 Vander Jagt DL; Hunsaker LA Chem Biol Interact 2003[Feb]; 143-144 (ä): 341-51 PMID12604221show ga The 2-oxoaldehyde methylglyoxal (MeG) is the precursor to a number of the known advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) implicated in the development of diabetic complications. Other 2-oxoaldehydes that are important in AGE formation, such as glyoxal, glucosone, deoxyglucosone, xylosone and deoxyxylosone, are produced by nonenzymatic reactions. By contrast, MeG is produced by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic processes, most of which appear to be enhanced in diabetes. MeG may be a major precursor to formation of AGE, and rates of production of MeG depend upon physiological conditions such as hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. MeG is also unique compared to the other 2-oxoaldehydes in its complex metabolism. At least four pathways contribute to detoxification of MeG: (1) aldose reductase, a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide range of aldehydes. MeG is the best of the known physiological aldehyde substrates of aldose reductase. The distribution of aldose reductase in human tissue is restricted; there is little expression in liver; (2) the ubiquitous and highly active glyoxalase system converts MeG into D-lactate. However, this system depends upon the availability of glutathione; activity is severely limited by conditions of oxidative stress that impact levels of glutathione; (3) betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, also known as ALDH9, is able to catalyze the oxidation of MeG to pyruvate, although less efficiently than with its substrate betaine aldehyde; (4) the long-known but not widely studied 2-oxoaldehyde dehydrogenases (2-ODHs) catalyze the oxidation of MeG to pyruvate, primarily in liver. There are two NADP-dependent 2-ODHs in human liver. Both of these require an activating amine. The physiological activator is unknown. |Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/isolation & purification/*metabolism[MESH] |Aldehyde Reductase/*metabolism[MESH] |Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase[MESH] |Diabetes Complications[MESH] |Diabetes Mellitus/enzymology/*metabolism[MESH] |Enzyme Activation[MESH] |Humans[MESH] |Hydrogen-Ion Concentration[MESH] |Lactoylglutathione Lyase/*metabolism[MESH] |Liver/enzymology[MESH] |Pyruvaldehyde/*metabolism[MESH]Methylglyoxal metabolism and diabetic complications: roles of aldose r(epmc).pdf DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing