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2015 ; 4
(9
): e252
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siRNA Versus miRNA as Therapeutics for Gene Silencing
#MMPMID26372022
Lam JK
; Chow MY
; Zhang Y
; Leung SW
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids
2015[Sep]; 4
(9
): e252
PMID26372022
show ga
Discovered a little over two decades ago, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and
microRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with important roles in gene regulation.
They have recently been investigated as novel classes of therapeutic agents for
the treatment of a wide range of disorders including cancers and infections.
Clinical trials of siRNA- and miRNA-based drugs have already been initiated.
siRNAs and miRNAs share many similarities, both are short duplex RNA molecules
that exert gene silencing effects at the post-transcriptional level by targeting
messenger RNA (mRNA), yet their mechanisms of action and clinical applications
are distinct. The major difference between siRNAs and miRNAs is that the former
are highly specific with only one mRNA target, whereas the latter have multiple
targets. The therapeutic approaches of siRNAs and miRNAs are therefore very
different. Hence, this review provides a comparison between therapeutic siRNAs
and miRNAs in terms of their mechanisms of action, physicochemical properties,
delivery, and clinical applications. Moreover, the challenges in developing both
classes of RNA as therapeutics are also discussed.
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