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2015 ; 8
(ä): 38
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piRNA involvement in genome stability and human cancer
#MMPMID25895683
Moyano M
; Stefani G
J Hematol Oncol
2015[Apr]; 8
(ä): 38
PMID25895683
show ga
PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a large family of small, single-stranded,
non-coding RNAs present throughout the animal kingdom. They form complexes with
several members of the PIWI clade of Argonaute proteins and carry out regulatory
functions. Their best established biological role is the inhibition of transposon
mobilization, which they enforce both at the transcriptional level, through
regulation of heterochromatin formation, and by promoting transcript degradation.
In this capacity, piRNAs and PIWI proteins are at the heart of the germline
cells' efforts to preserve genome integrity. Additional regulatory roles of
piRNAs and PIWI proteins in gene expression are becoming increasingly
apparent.PIWI proteins and piRNAs are often detected in human cancers deriving
from germline cells as well as somatic tissues. Their detection in cancer
correlates with poorer clinical outcomes, suggesting that they play a functional
role in the biology of cancer. Nonetheless, the currently available information,
while highly suggestive, is still not sufficient to entirely discriminate between
a 'passenger' role for the ectopic expression of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in
cancer from a 'driver' role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this
article, we review some of the key available evidence for the role of piRNAs and
PIWI in human cancer and discuss ways in which our understanding of their
functions may be improved.