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2018 ; 9
(34
): 23780-23823
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p53 and metabolism: from mechanism to therapeutics
#MMPMID29805774
Simabuco FM
; Morale MG
; Pavan ICB
; Morelli AP
; Silva FR
; Tamura RE
Oncotarget
2018[May]; 9
(34
): 23780-23823
PMID29805774
show ga
The tumor cell changes itself and its microenvironment to adapt to different
situations, including action of drugs and other agents targeting tumor control.
Therefore, metabolism plays an important role in the activation of survival
mechanisms to keep the cell proliferative potential. The Warburg effect directs
the cellular metabolism towards an aerobic glycolytic pathway, despite the fact
that it generates less adenosine triphosphate than oxidative phosphorylation;
because it creates the building blocks necessary for cell proliferation. The
transcription factor p53 is the master tumor suppressor; it binds to more than
4,000 sites in the genome and regulates the expression of more than 500 genes.
Among these genes are important regulators of metabolism, affecting glucose,
lipids and amino acids metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, reactive oxygen
species (ROS) generation and growth factors signaling. Wild-type and mutant p53
may have opposing effects in the expression of these metabolic genes. Therefore,
depending on the p53 status of the cell, drugs that target metabolism may have
different outcomes and metabolism may modulate drug resistance. Conversely,
induction of p53 expression may regulate differently the tumor cell metabolism,
inducing senescence, autophagy and apoptosis, which are dependent on the
regulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and/or ROS induction. The interplay
between p53 and metabolism is essential in the decision of cell fate and for
cancer therapeutics.