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2009 ; 13
(1
): 39-53
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miR-21: a small multi-faceted RNA
#MMPMID19175699
Krichevsky AM
; Gabriely G
J Cell Mol Med
2009[Jan]; 13
(1
): 39-53
PMID19175699
show ga
More than 1000 microRNAs (miRNAs) are expressed in human cells, some tissue or
cell type specific, others considered as house-keeping molecules. Functions and
direct mRNA targets for some miRNAs have been relatively well studied over the
last years. Every miRNA potentially regulates the expression of numerous
protein-coding genes (tens to hundreds), but it has become increasingly clear
that not all miRNAs are equally important; diverse high-throughput screenings of
various systems have identified a limited number of key functional miRNAs over
and over again. Particular miRNAs emerge as principal regulators that control
major cell functions in various physiological and pathophysiological settings.
Since its identification 3 years ago as the miRNA most commonly and strongly
up-regulated in human brain tumour glioblastoma [1], miR-21 has attracted the
attention of researchers in various fields, such as development, oncology, stem
cell biology and aging, becoming one of the most studied miRNAs, along with
let-7, miR-17-92 cluster ('oncomir-1'), miR-155 and a few others. However, an
miR-21 knockout mouse has not yet been generated, and the data about miR-21
functions in normal cells are still very limited. In this review, we summarise
the current knowledge of miR-21 functions in human disease, with an emphasis on
its regulation, oncogenic role, targets in human cancers, potential as a disease
biomarker and novel therapeutic target in oncology.
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