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mTOR signaling in autophagy regulation in the kidney #MMPMID24485024
Inoki K
Semin Nephrol 2014[Jan]; 34 (1): 2-8 PMID24485024show ga
Cells possess adaptive biosynthetic systems to maintain cellular energy levels for survival under adverse environmental conditions. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular catabolic process that breaks down and recycles cytosolic material including macromolecules and organelles through lysosomal degradation. This catabolic process, represented by macroautophagy, is induced by a variety of cellular stresses such as nutrient starvation, which causes a shortage of cellular energy for cells to maintain cellular homeostasis and essential biological activities. In contrast, upon nutrient availability, cells stimulate anabolic processes. The mechanistic/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is a key player in stimulating cellular anabolism in response to nutrients and growth factors, and plays a crucial role in suppressing autophagy activity. Growing evidence has suggested that autophagy activity is required for the maintenance and physiological functions of renal cells including proximal tubular cells and podocytes. In this section, we will discuss recent progresses in the regulation of autophagy by the mTOR signaling.
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Semin+Nephrol 2014 ; 34 (1): 2-8
