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2016 ; 7
(ä): 496
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Zika Virus: the Latest Newcomer
#MMPMID27148186
Saiz JC
; Vázquez-Calvo Á
; Blázquez AB
; Merino-Ramos T
; Escribano-Romero E
; Martín-Acebes MA
Front Microbiol
2016[]; 7
(ä): 496
PMID27148186
show ga
Since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or
re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: West Nile, Influenza A, avian flu,
dengue, Chikungunya, SARS, MERS, Ebola, and now Zika, the latest newcomer. Zika
virus (ZIKV), a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, was identified in
1947 in a sentinel monkey in Uganda, and later on in humans in Nigeria. The virus
was mainly confined to the African continent until it was detected in south-east
Asia the 1980's, then in the Micronesia in 2007 and, more recently in the
Americas in 2014, where it has displayed an explosive spread, as advised by the
World Health Organization, which resulted in the infection of hundreds of
thousands of people. ZIKV infection was characterized by causing a mild disease
presented with fever, headache, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis, with
exceptional reports of an association with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and
microcephaly. However, since the end of 2015, an increase in the number of GBS
associated cases and an astonishing number of microcephaly in fetus and new-borns
in Brazil have been related to ZIKV infection, raising serious worldwide public
health concerns. Clarifying such worrisome relationships is, thus, a current
unavoidable goal. Here, we extensively review what is currently known about ZIKV,
from molecular biology, transmission routes, ecology, and epidemiology, to
clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and public health.
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