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2016 ; 10
(3
): e0004530
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Zika Virus: Medical Countermeasure Development Challenges
#MMPMID26934531
Malone RW
; Homan J
; Callahan MV
; Glasspool-Malone J
; Damodaran L
; Schneider Ade B
; Zimler R
; Talton J
; Cobb RR
; Ruzic I
; Smith-Gagen J
; Janies D
; Wilson J
PLoS Negl Trop Dis
2016[Mar]; 10
(3
): e0004530
PMID26934531
show ga
INTRODUCTION: Reports of high rates of primary microcephaly and Guillain-Barré
syndrome associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia and Brazil have
raised concerns that the virus circulating in these regions is a rapidly
developing neuropathic, teratogenic, emerging infectious public health threat.
There are no licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapies or preventive
drugs) available for Zika virus infection and disease. The Pan American Health
Organization (PAHO) predicts that Zika virus will continue to spread and
eventually reach all countries and territories in the Americas with endemic Aedes
mosquitoes. This paper reviews the status of the Zika virus outbreak, including
medical countermeasure options, with a focus on how the epidemiology, insect
vectors, neuropathology, virology and immunology inform options and strategies
available for medical countermeasure development and deployment. METHODS:
Multiple information sources were employed to support the review. These included
publically available literature, patents, official communications, English and
Lusophone lay press. Online surveys were distributed to physicians in the US,
Mexico and Argentina and responses analyzed. Computational epitope analysis as
well as infectious disease outbreak modeling and forecasting were implemented.
Field observations in Brazil were compiled and interviews conducted with public
health officials.
|*Pandemics
[MESH]
|Aedes/growth & development/virology
[MESH]
|Americas/epidemiology
[MESH]
|Animals
[MESH]
|Communicable Disease Control/*methods
[MESH]
|Disease Transmission, Infectious/*prevention & control
[MESH]