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2017 ; 116
(ä): 73-91
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Xenobiotic transporters and kidney injury
#MMPMID28111348
George B
; You D
; Joy MS
; Aleksunes LM
Adv Drug Deliv Rev
2017[Jul]; 116
(ä): 73-91
PMID28111348
show ga
Renal proximal tubules are targets for toxicity due in part to the expression of
transporters that mediate the secretion and reabsorption of xenobiotics.
Alterations in transporter expression and/or function can enhance the
accumulation of toxicants and sensitize the kidneys to injury. This can be
observed when xenobiotic uptake by carrier proteins is increased or efflux of
toxicants and their metabolites is reduced. Nephrotoxic chemicals include
environmental contaminants (halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, the herbicide
paraquat, the fungal toxin ochratoxin, and heavy metals) as well as
pharmaceuticals (certain beta-lactam antibiotics, antiviral drugs, and
chemotherapeutic drugs). This review explores the mechanisms by which
transporters mediate the entry and exit of toxicants from renal tubule cells and
influence the degree of kidney injury. Delineating how transport proteins
regulate the renal accumulation of toxicants is critical for understanding the
likelihood of nephrotoxicity resulting from competition for excretion or genetic
polymorphisms that affect transporter function.