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2015 ; 7
(1
): 45
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Widespread intron retention diversifies most cancer transcriptomes
#MMPMID26113877
Dvinge H
; Bradley RK
Genome Med
2015[]; 7
(1
): 45
PMID26113877
show ga
BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations affecting components of the RNA splicing machinery
occur with high frequencies across many tumor types. These mutations give rise to
distinct alterations in normal splice site and exon recognition, such as unusual
3' splice site preferences, that likely contribute to tumorigenesis. METHODS: We
analyzed genome-wide patterns of RNA splicing across 805 matched tumor and normal
control samples from 16 distinct cancer types to identify signals of abnormal
cancer-associated splicing. RESULTS: We found that abnormal RNA splicing,
typified by widespread intron retention, is common across cancers even in the
absence of mutations directly affecting the RNA splicing machinery. Almost all
liquid and solid cancer types exhibited frequent retention of both alternative
and constitutive introns relative to control normal tissues. The sole exception
was breast cancer, where intron retention typified adjacent normal rather than
cancer tissue. Different introns were preferentially retained in specific cancer
types, although a small subset of introns enriched for genes encoding RNA
splicing and export factors exhibited frequent retention across diverse cancers.
The extent of intron retention correlated with the presence of IDH1 and IDH2
mutations in acute myeloid leukemia and across molecular subtypes in breast
cancer. Many introns that were preferentially retained in primary cancers were
present at high levels in the cytoplasmic mRNA pools of cancer cell lines.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that abnormal RNA splicing is a common
characteristic of cancers even in the absence of mutational insults to the
splicing machinery, and suggest that intron-containing mRNAs contribute to the
transcriptional diversity of many cancers.