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2015 ; 4
(2
): 307-34
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Waterborne pathogens: detection methods and challenges
#MMPMID26011827
Ramírez-Castillo FY
; Loera-Muro A
; Jacques M
; Garneau P
; Avelar-González FJ
; Harel J
; Guerrero-Barrera AL
Pathogens
2015[May]; 4
(2
): 307-34
PMID26011827
show ga
Waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern
worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the
high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. These diseases are
directly related to environmental deterioration and pollution. Despite the
continued efforts to maintain water safety, waterborne outbreaks are still
reported globally. Proper assessment of pathogens on water and water quality
monitoring are key factors for decision-making regarding water distribution
systems' infrastructure, the choice of best water treatment and prevention
waterborne outbreaks. Powerful, sensitive and reproducible diagnostic tools are
developed to monitor pathogen contamination in water and be able to detect not
only cultivable pathogens but also to detect the occurrence of viable but
non-culturable microorganisms as well as the presence of pathogens on biofilms.
Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) is a helpful tool to evaluate the
scenarios for pathogen contamination that involve surveillance, detection
methods, analysis and decision-making. This review aims to present a research
outlook on waterborne outbreaks that have occurred in recent years. This review
also focuses in the main molecular techniques for detection of waterborne
pathogens and the use of QMRA approach to protect public health.