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2014 ; 89
(3
): 461-70
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Vitiligo--part 1
#MMPMID24937821
Tarlé RG
; Nascimento LM
; Mira MT
; Castro CC
An Bras Dermatol
2014[May]; 89
(3
): 461-70
PMID24937821
show ga
Vitiligo is a chronic stigmatizing disease, already known for millennia, which
mainly affects melanocytes from epidermis basal layer, leading to the development
of hypochromic and achromic patches. Its estimated prevalence is 0.5% worldwide.
The involvement of genetic factors controlling susceptibility to vitiligo has
been studied over the last decades, and results of previous studies present
vitiligo as a complex, multifactorial and polygenic disease. In this context, a
few genes, including DDR1, XBP1 and NLRP1 have been consistently and functionally
associated with the disease. Notwithstanding, environmental factors that
precipitate or maintain the disease are yet to be described. The pathogenesis of
vitiligo has not been totally clarified until now and many theories have been
proposed. Of these, the autoimmune hypothesis is now the most cited and studied
among experts. Dysfunction in metabolic pathways, which could lead to production
of toxic metabolites causing damage to melanocytes, has also been investigated.
Melanocytes adhesion deficit in patients with vitiligo is mainly speculated by
the appearance of Köebner phenomenon, recently, new genes and proteins involved
in this deficit have been found.
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