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2017 ; 2
(1
): 20
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Visual routines are associated with specific graph interpretations
#MMPMID28367500
Michal AL
; Franconeri SL
Cogn Res Princ Implic
2017[]; 2
(1
): 20
PMID28367500
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We argue that people compare values in graphs with a visual routine - attending
to data values in an ordered pattern over time. Do these visual routines exist to
manage capacity limitations in how many values can be encoded at once, or do they
actually affect the relations that are extracted? We measured eye movements while
people judged configurations of a two-bar graph based on size only ("[short tall]
or [tall short]?") and contrast only ("[light dark] or [dark light]?").
Participants exhibited visual routines in which they systematically attended to a
specific feature (or "anchor point") in the graph; in the size task, most
participants inspected the taller bar first, and in the contrast task, most
participants attended to the darker bar first. Participants then judged
configurations that varied in both size and contrast (e.g., [short-light
tall-dark]); however, only one dimension was task-relevant (varied between
subjects). During this orthogonal task, participants overwhelmingly relied on the
same anchor point used in the single-dimension version, but only for the
task-relevant dimension (e.g., taller bar for the size-relevant task). These
results suggest that visual routines are associated with specific graph
interpretations. Responses were also faster when task-relevant and
task-irrelevant anchor points appeared on the same object (congruent) than on
different objects (incongruent). This interference from the task-irrelevant
dimension suggests that top-down control may be necessary to extract relevant
relations from graphs. The effect of visual routines on graph comprehension has
implications for both science, technology, engineering, and mathematics pedagogy
and graph design.
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