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2017 ; 12
(1
): 1-11
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Visceral Leishmaniasis in Southeastern Iran: A Narrative Review
#MMPMID28761456
Sharifi I
; Aflatoonian MR
; Daei Parizi MH
; Hosseininasab A
; Mostafavi M
; Bamorovat M
; Aghaei Afshar A
; Mohebali M
; Keshavarz H
; Daneshvar H
; Babaei Z
; Mahmoudvand H
; Mohammadi MA
; Sharifi F
; Barati M
; Kamiabi H
; Khaleghi T
Iran J Parasitol
2017[Jan]; 12
(1
): 1-11
PMID28761456
show ga
BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has strong links with poverty,
substantial medical and veterinary impacts. This review aimed to focus in studies
published during 1994-2016 on VL in southeastern Iran. METHODS: The present
review is based on expert knowledge and historical studies published during the
past 23 yr (1994-2016) on VL in southeastern Iran. In addition, related
literature found in PubMed by using the keywords such as visceral leishmaniasis,
kala-azar, and Leishmania infantum are included. RESULTS: Overall, 118 children
aged 4.2 yr were detected as infected with human VL (HVL). The majority of the
cases were from Orzoieh district (37.1%) in southwest of Kerman Province,
followed by Sirjan (15.7%), Jiroft (14.8%), Kahnuj (9.3%) and to lesser extent
from other areas. The male to female ratio was 1.7. The three most frequent
clinical features were represented by fever (100.0%), anemia (95.0%) and
splenomegaly (91.5%). Altogether, 42.0% of the VL cases developed secondary
bacterial infections, the overall case-fatality rate was 3.4%, and majorities
(88.0%) of the VL patients were undernourished. Overall, 733 dogs and wild
canines were examined by different techniques with various seroprevalence ranges.
CONCLUSION: In southeastern Iran, VL is endemic in Orzoieh district in Kerman
Province. While the dogs are implicated as the main domestic reservoir of VL,
wide range of wild canines can serve as a secondary potential reservoir host.