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2015 ; 11
(10
): e1005609
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Virus Satellites Drive Viral Evolution and Ecology
#MMPMID26495848
Frígols B
; Quiles-Puchalt N
; Mir-Sanchis I
; Donderis J
; Elena SF
; Buckling A
; Novick RP
; Marina A
; Penadés JR
PLoS Genet
2015[Oct]; 11
(10
): e1005609
PMID26495848
show ga
Virus satellites are widespread subcellular entities, present both in eukaryotic
and in prokaryotic cells. Their modus vivendi involves parasitism of the life
cycle of their inducing helper viruses, which assures their transmission to a new
host. However, the evolutionary and ecological implications of satellites on
helper viruses remain unclear. Here, using staphylococcal pathogenicity islands
(SaPIs) as a model of virus satellites, we experimentally show that helper
viruses rapidly evolve resistance to their virus satellites, preventing SaPI
proliferation, and SaPIs in turn can readily evolve to overcome phage resistance.
Genomic analyses of both these experimentally evolved strains as well as
naturally occurring bacteriophages suggest that the SaPIs drive the coexistence
of multiple alleles of the phage-coded SaPI inducing genes, as well as sometimes
selecting for the absence of the SaPI depressing genes. We report similar
(accidental) evolution of resistance to SaPIs in laboratory phages used for
Staphylococcus aureus typing and also obtain the same qualitative results in both
experimental evolution and phylogenetic studies of Enterococcus faecalis phages
and their satellites viruses. In summary, our results suggest that helper and
satellite viruses undergo rapid coevolution, which is likely to play a key role
in the evolution and ecology of the viruses as well as their prokaryotic hosts.
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